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This paper proposes a rumor spreading model that considers three main factors: the event importance, event ambiguity, and the publics critical sense, each of which are defined by decision makers using linguistic descriptions and then transformed into triangular fuzzy numbers. To calculate the resultant force of these three factors, the transmission capacity and a new parameter category with fuzzy variables are determined. A rumor spreading model is then proposed which has fuzzy parameters rather than the fixed parameters in traditional models. As the proposed model considers the comprehensive factors affecting rumors from three aspects rather than examining special factors from a particular aspect. The proposed rumor spreading model is tested using different parameters for several different conditions on BA networks and three special cases are simulated. The simulation results for all three cases suggested that events of low importance, those that are only clarifying facts, and those that are strongly critical do not result in rumors. Therefore, the model assessment results were proven to be in agreement with reality. Parameters for the model were then determined and applied to an analysis of the 7.23 Yong–Wen line major transportation accident (YWMTA). When the simulated data were compared with the real data from this accident, the results demonstrated that the interval for the rumor spreading key point in the model was accurate, and that the key point for the YWMTA rumor spread fell into the range estimated by the model.

Given a system where the real-valued states of the agents are aggregated by a function to a real-valued state of the entire system, we are interested in the influence or importance of different agents for that function. This generalizes the notion of power indices for binary voting systems to decisions over interval policy spaces and has applications in economics, engineering, security analysis, and other disciplines. Here, we study the question of importance in systems with interval decisions. Based on the classical Shapley–Shubik and Penrose–Banzhaf index, from binary voting, we motivate and analyze two importance measures. Additionally, we present some results for parametric classes of aggregation functions.

The high-risk diabetic foot is identified as the foot that has the potential to ulcerate. These feet can be identified by the presence of peripheral neuropathy, deformity, and previous ulceration. Early identification of the high-risk foot is important to prevent ulceration. Once an ulcer occurs the risk for potential lower extremity amputation is significantly higher. A good screening programme helps to achieve this and the high-risk patient can receive appropriate care and resources can be allocated.

Diabetic Foot Disease is a common cause for hospitalisation. It often is associated with increased mortality. A diabetic foot is complex in its pathogenesis and requires a multi-disciplinary team approach for effective management. When more professionals from different specialities are involved in its management, it is important to standardise the classification of diabetic foot disease. This ensures improved clinical outcomes. However, the diabetic foot is difficult to classify. Agood diabetic foot classification system must aim to identify major risk factors, provide guidelines for reducing variability in management, and improve communication amongst team members.

Diabetic foot care education and diabetic foot screening are essential for all diabetic patients. One of the major complications in diabetes is foot ulceration due to poor vascular status, nerve damage and lack of self-foot care. Patients should follow-up on a six-month or yearly checkup with diabetic foot care nurses. The physical examination and testing results are useful for the physician when considering the state of the patient's feet condition. Diabetic foot care education plays an important role in the care of the patient's feet. Diabetic foot care nurses are trained and qualified to conduct foot screening and provide education sessions to patients. Educational resources are used in assisting patient's understanding in self-foot care. Places such as hospitals, polyclinics and national foot care centres provide diabetic foot screening and foot care services to all diabetic patients. The aim is to achieve an effective and structured foot care education in order to improve treatment outcome and prevent recurrence of the foot problem. According to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guideline, “education is an essential element in the empowerment of people with diabetes”.