Narrow Results

This paper exploits the staggered roll-out of a landmark Air Quality Monitoring Program in the People’s Republic of China to study the migration response to pollution information disclosure and labor market outcomes. Using two nationally representative individual-level datasets, we show that information mitigates the negative pollution–settlement relationship, contrary to intuition. These results are attributable to (i) information effects—that is, increased life satisfaction from information accessibility and governance efforts; and (ii) health effects—including improved health conditions and reduced hospital costs. Further evidence suggests that income growth is more pronounced for individuals with better internet or mobile device access and in regions with stronger economic development and health-care resources. We also rule out alternative explanations related to labor supply and selection issues. Our findings highlight the benefits of improving public access to pollution information in developing economies where information blockades are widespread.

This paper analyzes information disclosure in the two-sided market with one monopolistic platform and competing platforms. We find that pertaining to the monopoly platform, greater network externalities tend to increase the information being disclosed, but with competing platforms, increasing network externalities may decrease or increase the disclosed information, depending on the information disclosure cost. However, the relation between the competitiveness of either side and the amount of disclosed information is ambiguous. We show that under certain conditions, the welfare and disclosure cost demonstrate a U-shaped relation, which cautions against the policy aiming at decreasing the information disclosure cost.

This paper develops the game models of two symmetric supply chains, each consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer, while both retailers compete in the market with a linear function. The disclosure mechanism is designed when the information of the disrupted demand is asymmetric between supply side and retail side. We first study the model with the full information as a benchmark to explore the effect of asymmetric information on the system. In the case, each manufacturer maximizes her profit while the downstream retailer only obtains the reservation profit. For the case of asymmetric information, each manufacturer can obtain the real information of the disrupted demand by using a menu of contract bundles. For each information structure, there are always robust regions for each manufacturer’s original trading quantity scheme. That is, when the disrupted amount of the demand is sufficiently small, the trading quantity will be unchanged. However, some special measures, e.g., the higher unit wholesale price, should be taken to prevent the retailer from deviating the trading quantity scheme. The high-disruption retailer gets the higher profit due to the information rent. Compared with a single supply chain, Cournot competition results in the less retail price and the lower performance for the whole system.

The return cost burdens both consumers and merchants, leading merchants to emphasize information disclosure during pre-sales of new products. This study analyzes the effects of information disclosure methods on consumer valuation and merchants’ pre-sale strategies across four scenarios: no advance selling, no information disclosure, traditional information disclosure, and blockchain-enabled information disclosure. We examine optimal pricing and inventory strategies under each scenario, assessing the value of information disclosure and the merchant’s optimal advance selling strategy. We find that traditional information disclosure could lead to various pre-sale pricing outcomes based on consumer valuation distribution bounds, trust levels, and merchant return losses. Blockchain-based disclosure influences merchants to implement premium pricing, which may render blockchain unnecessary. Offering pre-orders is beneficial with any information disclosure method. If consumers have varied product understandings, merchants benefit more from using an information disclosure strategy rather than just offering returns; otherwise, the reverse is true. The paper provides theoretical insights into optimal pre-sale information disclosure practices.

Since 1995, China's industrial sector has quietly experienced a surge of firm privatization. This paper reviews prior studies that examine the determinants, the process and the effect of privatization. It is found that privatization is more likely when the market becomes more competitive and banks have harder budget constraint towards government-owned firms. Moreover, leaders have devised a way to elicit information from the manager about the value of the firm at the time of privatization. The analysis shows that the performance of firms with new owners that paid a full price for the firm far exceeds that of firms with new owners who underpaid to buy out.

The environmental accounting information disclosure (EAID) is the first approach to offer critical information on an enterprise’s safeguarding ecological activities. The data were used from Indonesian communities and linked socio-economic indicators and environmental information disclosure data at the city level. The objective of this research is to assess the impact of environmental disclosure on public environmental concerns. It is crucial to recognise that corporate initiatives aimed at reducing their environmental footprint yield significant and wide-ranging implications. Here, using three models Pol Lined and Heckman influenced, we analyse the effect of business size on Indonesia’s environmental reporting (IER) disclosures and ratings in 2009–2018. The statistics show a positive relationship between government ownership and IER, with a more prominent link between federal government ownership and IER than local government ownership. This paper argues that to promote the cause of environmental accounting and thus contribute to the goal of capitalism with Indonesian characteristics, Indonesia should improve relevant regulations and standards for information disclosure in environmental accounting, as well as strengthen internal and external supervision of enterprises, creation of a low-carbon, environmentally friendly economy and a society characterised by its emphasis on reusing and recycling materials.

Information disclosure policies represent an additional policy mechanism that can be used to foster reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. These informational efforts could be either mandatory or voluntary, but in each case government regulation could play a productive role by establishing common structures for the information and providing criteria to ensure the accuracy and credibility of the information. Unlike most previous uses of environmental information disclosure, such as the Toxic Release Inventory and pesticide warnings, carbon footprint labeling does not communicate information about immediate private benefits. While considerable insight can be gleaned by examining the principles for effective warnings generally, additional research would further our understanding of how to best design a successful information effort directed at varied future environmental benefits. Care is needed as green labeling may distort consumer decisions if undue prominence is given to environmental consequences as compared to other valued attributes, such as safety.

South Korea’s health officials did not disclose the identities of hospitals exposed to MERS-CoV for the first three weeks of the outbreak in 2015, leading to amplified fear in the society. To ascertain the uncertainty costs due to the failure of timely information provision, we examine the effect of the information regarding MERS outbreak on shopping patterns in the retail market. We find that those facing social buzz of MERS hospitals near their home significantly reduced their spending at crowded shopping places such as big-box and department stores. However, the avoidance behaviour disappeared after the government started to disclose the accurate information. This finding suggests that the information uncertainty raised excessive anxiety among the consumers.

With the rapid growth of online social networks (OSNs), users’ privacy in OSNs becomes a serious issue. The information shared in OSNs are accessible by not only the OSN users, but also by external applications and third-party advertisers. Besides, location-based social networks (LBSNs) suffer more security and privacy issues in terms of unintentionally exposed location information. In order to protect the user privacy, in this chapter we present the recent works with regard to user’s location privacy and user’s profile privacy. We first, analyze the residential privacy in LBSNs and then present the friendship identification and inference attack, which can violate the user’s profile privacy.

Information disclosure system is the law that listed companies must obey in order to insure the benefits of investors and hold up to public scrutiny. Information like financial statement changes and operation condition of listed companies must be to the public according to the system. XBRL is an XML-based extensible language for exchanging business information. The language is widely used in financial information disclosure system and becomes the standard data format of the system. The specification, taxonomy and instance documents of XBRL are researched in this paper and the method of parallel data mining for the frequent pattern of massive XBRL data is proposed based on MapReduce and HDFS. The XBRL instances of the listed companies in China are processed by using this method and proved it to be effective.