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This paper includes a description of 3 affiliated oriental languages: Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. It includes a description of the origins of these 3 languages and the inter-relationship among them. Drawn from the viewpoints of several experienced researchers in the field of OCR (Optical Character Recognition) and computational linguistics, it attempts to bring out the intriguing aspects of these 3 ideographic languages, including the formation and composition of pictograms, special features, learning, understanding, contextual information, and recognition of characters and words, and their relations to poetic expressions and pattern recognition techniques. Numerous references are given and comments on future trends are also presented.

We describe a part of the stimulus sentences of a German language processing ERP experiment using a context-free grammar and represent different processing preferences by its unambiguous partitions. The processing is modeled by deterministic pushdown automata. Using a theorem proven by Moore, we map these automata onto discrete time dynamical systems acting at the unit square, where the processing preferences are represented by a control parameter. The actual states of the automata are rectangles lying in the unit square that can be interpreted as cylinder sets in the context of symbolic dynamics theory. We show that applying a wrong processing preference to a certain input string leads to an unwanted invariant set in the parsers dynamics. Then, syntactic reanalysis and repair can be modeled by a switching of the control parameter — in analogy to phase transitions observed in brain dynamics. We argue that ERP components are indicators of these bifurcations and propose an ERP-like measure of the parsing model.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are becoming increasingly useful in military, commercial, and scientific applications. Currently, UAVs can be found performing surveillance and reconnaissance missions for the military, collecting scientific data in areas that are inhospitable or inaccessible to humans, and furthering commercial and agricultural enterprises. One of the primary needs of military and civilian users is to develop an interface for a single human operator to coordinate multiple UAVs with the same ease that air traffic controllers coordinate multiple aircraft.

This chapter develops the framework for a natural language interface to a UAV. We apply our expertise in air traffic control and airport operations, combined with existing natural language processing techniques, to achieve a higher recognition success rate than traditional natural language processing endeavors in a more general domain of discourse typically do. Because there already exists a structured, yet intuitive, language for air traffic control, this chapter takes advantage of the phraseology already developed for this purpose. A corpus of air traffic control commands was gathered from recorded exchanges between pilots and controllers at Boston's Logan Airport, as well as Hanscom Field in Bedford, MA, and these were used as the “target language” for this chapter.

The implementation of a language processing system that operates according to this language is described. We believe that this is the first attempt at formalizing air traffic control phraseology for use in an unmanned system.

This paper includes a description of 3 affiliated oriental languages: Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. It includes a description of the origins of these 3 languages and the inter-relationship among them. Drawn from the viewpoints of several experienced researchers in the field of OCR (Optical Character Recognition) and computational linguistics, it attempts to bring out the intriguing aspects of these 3 ideographic languages, including the formation and composition of pictograms, special features, learning, understanding, contextual information, and recognition of characters and words, and their relations to poetic expressions and pattern recognition techniques. Numerous references are given and comments on future trends are also presented.