Narrow Results

Ca-DTPA or Zn-DTPA was injected subcutaneously to pregnant mice once a day for 5 consecutive days from the 13th day to the 17th day of gestation. Maternal and fetal livers were collected 20 hours after the final injection of DTPA, and essential metal contents in the liver samples were determined by PIXE.

Both Ca-DTPA and Zn-DTPA don't affect any essential metals in the maternal liver, but Ca-DTPA decreases copper and zinc contents in the fetal liver to 2/3 and 1/2 of the control values, respectively. Although Zn-DTPA does not affect fetal zinc content, it decreases that of copper. It could not be determined whether DTPA affects fetal manganese content or not because the fetal liver contains no detectable amount of manganese.

Huai-Shan-Yao (Chinese yam; Rhizome Dioscoreae) is a common food in china. In the present study, we evaluated the protective effects of the crude extract of Huai-Shan-Yao on acute kidney and liver injuries in rats induced by ethanol. Results of pharmacological, biochemical and pathologic observations all showed that rats treated with the extract of Huai-Shan-Yao had decreased damage in renal tubules as well as decreased inflammation in the central vein and necrosis in the liver tissue.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is an important health problem in Asia. A blend of herbal extracts containing radix bupleuri (KY88) was tested for its effects on liver cancer cells. A hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HB8064) was cultured with methanol extract of KY88. We were able to produce a dose-dependent inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. At IC₅₀ and IC₁₀₀, KY88 induces a DNA ladder pattern, indicating the presence of apoptosis. We also checked the changes of the levels of interleukin (IL)-2, -4 and -6, interferon (INF)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α by ELISA kits. After 24 hours of culture, there was activation of IL-2 and -4 and TNF-α. However, significant changes were observed only for IL-4 and TNF-α. Therefore, we concluded that KY88 is able to induce apoptosis, which may be regulated through changes in IL-4 and TNF-α.

As alternative medicines or dietary supplements, herbal medicines have received increasing interest in recent years. Danggui and Honghua are two of the most popular traditional Chinese herbal medicines. However, little is known about the pharmacokinetics interactions between Danggui/Honghua and prescription drugs. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Danggui or Honghua on the gene expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) using reverse- transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in Wistar rats. Commercial Danggui (0.35 and 0.7 g/kg, twice a day), Honghua (0.35 g/kg or 0.7 g/kg, twice a day) or water (control group) were given to rats (3 rats for each group) for 5 consecutive days. Treatment of rats with 0.7 and 1.4 g/kg per day Danggui or Honghua for 5 days caused mild to strong increase of CYP 3A1 and decrease of CYP 2E1 RNA expression. However, only Honghua (0.7 and 1.4 g/kg per day) induced the increase of CYP 1A2 RNA expression, while CYP 2C11 RNA was unaffected by both Danggui and Honghua. These data demonstrated that Danggui or Honghua affected the expression of hepatic CYP isoforms in the rats; they elevated CYP 1A2 and 3A1 RNA expression but inhibited CYP 2E1 RNA expression. Such alterations may change the therapeutic actions of the drugs metabolized primarily by P450 system when they are co-administered to people with Danggui or Honghua. Therefore, patients should be cautioned about the potential drug-herb interactions between Danggui or Honghua and prescription drugs that were metabolized by CYP1A2, 2E1 and 3A1 isoforms.

This study was designed to determine whether FPS-1, the water-soluble polysaccharide isolated from fuzi, protected against hepatic damage in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, and its mechanism. SD rats were subjected to 60 min of hepatic ischemia, followed by 120 min reperfusion. FPS-1 (160 mg/kg/day) was administered orally for 5 days before ischemia-reperfusion injury in treatment group. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and albumin (ALB) were assayed to evaluate liver functions. Liver samples were taken for histological examination and determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), that catalase (CAT) in liver. Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-ATPase in mitochondria were measured with colorimetry method. Morphological changes were also investigated by using both light microscopy and electron microscopy (EM). In addition, apoptosis and oncosis were detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI immunofluorescent flow cytometry analysis. Serum AST and ALT levels were elevated in groups exposed to ischemia-reperfusion (p < 0.05). Ischemia-reperfusion caused a marked increase in MDA level, and significant decreases in hepatic SOD and CAT (p < 0.05). Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-ATPase were reduced in ischemia-reperfusion groups compared to the sham group (p < 0.05). Oncosis and apoptosis were also observed in ischemia-reperfusion groups. Pretreatment with FPS-1 reversed all these biochemical parameters as well as histological alterations, evidently by increased SOD, CAT, reduced MDA and histological scores compared to the model group (p < 0.05). FPS-1 could attenuate the necrotic states by the detection of immunofluorescent flow cytometry analysis. Pretreatment with FPS-1 reduced hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury through its potent antioxidative effects and attenuation of necrotic states.

This study was initiated to determine the possible antidiabetic effects of total flavonoids of Litsea Coreana leve (TFLC), an alcohol extract from the dried leaves of Litsea Coreana leve, on type 2 diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 40, 160–180 g) were divided into two groups and fed with normal chow diet (Normal Control group) or high-fat diet (HFD) for a period of 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of dietary manipulation, the HFD-fed rats were injected with 30 mg/kg streptozocin (STZ) to induce diabetes 72 hours after STZ injection. These diabetic rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 10): Diabetic Control group, Diabetic + TFLC group and Diabetic + PIO group. Diabetic + TFLC group and Diabetic + PIO group were orally administered with 400 mg/kg TFLC or 10 mg/kg pioglitazone (all suspended in 0.5% CMC-Na) respectively for 6 weeks. All rats were examined for body weight, serum and hepatic biochemical indices, content of malondialdehyde (MDA), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and pathological changes in liver and pancreas, as well as protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) expression in liver. The diabetic rats became obese, insulin resistant, hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic. Treatment with TFLC showed a significant increase in insulin sensitivity, serum HDL-C level and SOD activities, meanwhile marked decrease in body weight, serum FFA, TC, TG, LDL-C, CRP, MDA content. TFLC also attenuated pathologic alterations in liver and pancreatic islet. Furthermore, TFLC was found to decrease the expression of PTP1B in diabetic rat liver. These results suggested that TFLC could ameliorate hyperglycemia, hyperlipoidemia, inflammation and oxidation stress, as well as insulin resistance of type 2 diabetic rats.

According to the principles of traditional Chinese medicine, channels and collaterals within the body provide pathways through which qi and blood travel, and each channel or collateral is linked with a specific organ. The Yinlingquan (spleen 9, SP9) and Ququan (liver 8, LR8) acupoints represent the sea points of the spleen and liver meridians, respectively, from which qi and blood flow into their specific visceral organs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in blood flow/perfusion in the liver and spleen resulting from the application of 2 Hz electro-acupuncture (EA) to the Yinlingquan (SP9) or Ququan (LR8) acupoints. A total of 18 Spragrue-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups of six rats each as follows: sham group receiving sham EA; Yinlingquan (SP9) group receiving 2 Hz EA, applied at bilateral Yinlingquan (SP9) acupoints; and Ququan (LR8) groups receiving 2 Hz EA, applied at bilateral Ququan (LR8) acupoints. The mean blood flow/perfusion of the spleen and liver was recorded using a laser Doppler blood flow monitor prior to EA (representing the baseline), during EA, and post-EA. Each measurement period lasted ten minutes. Nitric oxide levels were also measured from the right femoral arterial blood, following the conclusion of each series of blood flow/perfusion recordings. The results indicate that the sham EA did not increase the mean blood flow/perfusion in the liver or spleen; 2 Hz EA at bilateral Yinlingquan (SP9) acupoints increased the mean blood flow/perfusion in the spleen, but not in the liver. In contrast, 2 Hz EA at bilateral Ququan (LR8) acupoints increased the mean blood flow/perfusion in the liver, but not in the spleen. Nitric oxide levels showed no significant difference between any of the groups at any stage of the measurements. According to the results, we conclude that EA at the Yinlingquan (SP9) and Ququan (LR8) acupoints can increase the blood flow in the spleen and liver, respectively.

Herb supplements are widely used by Asian athletes; however, there are no studies evaluated the co-effects of exercise and herb supplements on hepatic failure. In this study, D-GalN/LPS-induced fulminant hepatic failure was used to examine whether there are synergistic or antagonistic effects of exercise and Cordyceps sinensis (CS). Mice were randomly divided into eight groups: control, swimming exercise for four weeks, D-GalN/LPS challenge, swimming exercise plus D-GalN/LPS, 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg CS pretreated for four weeks plus D-GalN/LPS, and swimming exercise combined with 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg CS pretreatment plus D-GalN/LPS. Either exercise or 40 mg/kg CS pretreatment alone significantly decreased D-GalN/LPS-induced TNF-α, AST, NO, apoptotic-related proteins, and hepatocyte apoptosis. Exercise or 40 mg/kg CS alone increased the IL-10 and D-GalN/LPS-suppressed Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) level. However, no protective or worse effect was observed in the mice treated with exercise preconditioning combined 40 mg/kg CS compared to those receive exercise alone or CS alone. TNF-α, AST, NO level, caspase-3 activity, and hepatocytes apoptosis were not significantly different in the exercise combined with 40 mg/kg CS compared to mice challenged with D-GalN/LPS. The IL-10 level was significantly decreased after D-GalN/LPS stimulation in the mice received exercise combined with 40 mg/kg CS, indicating the combination strongly reduced the anti-inflammatory effect. In summary, preconditioning exercise or CS pretreatment alone can protect mice from septic liver damage, but in contrast, the combination of exercise and CS does not produce any benefit. The antagonistic interactions between exercise and CS imply taking CS is not recommended for people who undertake regular exercise.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays a crucial role in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. Although antidiabetic use of mulberry leaves (MLs) has been popular due to their many anti-oxidative flavonoid compounds and free radical scavenging effects, ML’s effects on ERS in experimental diabetic hepatocyte injury remain unknown. To investigate how ML affect ERS in diabetic liver, Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were assigned to induce diabetes by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ; 55 mg/kg) and fed with either normal chow or a diet containing 25% mulberry leaf powder diet (MLD) and examined for 56 days. We observed that MLD improved the rats’ morphological and histopathological changes. Levels of ERS markers such as phosphorylated double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) and the protein expression of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) were significantly higher in the diabetic liver compared to normal liver. MLD for 8 weeks significantly reduced all of these markers. MLD also significantly decreased hepatocyte apoptosis, hepatic macrophage recruitment, cellular infiltration, and CCAAT/enhancer–binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 2 (TRAF2), interleukin 1$\beta$ (IL-1$\beta$) and sterol regulatory element binding protein isoform 1c (SREBP 1c) levels in diabetic liver. These results may suggest that MLs can preserve hepatic function in experimental diabetes by modulating ERS mediated apoptosis and liver damage.

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is an $\alpha ∕\beta$ dimeric transcription factor. Because HIF-1$\alpha$ is instable with oxygen, HIF-1 is scarce in normal mammalian cells. However, HIF-1$\alpha$ is expressed in pathological conditions such as cancer and obesity. Inhibiting HIF-1$\alpha$ may be of therapeutic value for these pathologies. Here, we investigated whether emodin, derived from the herb of Rheum palmatum L, which is also known as Chinese rhubarb, and is native to China, regulates HIF-1$\alpha$ expression. Male C57BL/6 mice without or with diet-induced obesity were treated with emodin for two weeks, while control mice were treated with vehicle. HIF-1$\alpha$ expression was determined by Western blot. We found that emodin inhibited obesity-induced HIF-1$\alpha$ expression in liver and skeletal muscle but did not regulate HIF-1$\alpha$ expression in the kidneys or in intra-abdominal fat. In vitro, emodin inhibited HIF-1$\alpha$ expression in human HepG2 hepatic cells and Y1 adrenocortical cells. Further, we investigated the mechanisms of HIF-1$\alpha$ expression in emodin-treated HepG2 cells. First, we found that HIF-1$\alpha$ had normal stability in the presence of emodin. Thus, emodin did not decrease HIF-1$\alpha$ by stimulating its degradation. Importantly, emodin decreased the activity of the signaling pathways that led to HIF-1$\alpha$ biosynthesis. Interestingly, emodin increased HIF-1$\alpha$ mRNA in HepG2 cells. This may be a result of feedback in response to the emodin-induced decrease in the protein of HIF-1$\alpha$. In conclusion, emodin decreases hepatic HIF-1$\alpha$ by inhibiting its biosynthesis.

The present study evaluated the effects of heat-processed Scutellariae Radix (Scutellaria baicalensis) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury in mice. Scutellariae Radix heat-processed at 160${}^{\circ }$C or 180${}^{\circ }$C was orally administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight for three days before the intraperitoneal injection of LPS, and the effects were compared with those of vehicle-treated LPS administered to control mice. The administration of Scutellariae Radix decreased the elevated serum monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitrite/nitrate, peroxynitrite, and hepatic functional parameters, and reduced the increased ROS in the liver. The augmented expressions of hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation-related proteins, phospho-p38, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase, phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase, nuclear factor-$\kappa$ B p65, activator protein-1, cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, MCP-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$, and IL-6, were downregulated by the heat-processed Scutellariae Radix. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the increased hepatocellular damage in the liver of LPS-treated mice improved with the administration of heat-processed Scutellariae Radix. Overall, the ameliorative effects of Scutellariae Radix were superior to those when heat-processed at 180${}^{\circ }$C. Our results indicate that heat-processed Scutellariae Radix acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by ameliorating oxidative stress in the liver of mice with LPS-induced liver injury.

Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species is the main cause of various liver diseases. This study investigated the hepatoprotective effect of Epimedium koreanum Nakai water extract (EKE) against arachidonic acid (AA)$+$iron-mediated cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells and carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄-)-mediated acute liver injury in mice. Pretreatment with EKE (30 and 100$\mu$g/mL) significantly inhibited AA$+$iron-mediated cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells by preventing changes in the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. EKE attenuated hydrogen peroxide production, glutathione depletion, and mitochondrial membrane dysfunction. EKE also increased the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), transactivated anti-oxidant response element harboring luciferase activity, and induced the expression of anti-oxidant genes. Furthermore, the cytoprotective effect of EKE against AA$+$iron was blocked in Nrf2 knockout cells. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that EKE contained icariin, icaritin, and quercetin; icaritin and quercetin were both found to protect HepG2 cells from AA$+$iron via Nrf2 activation. In a CCl₄-induced mouse model of liver injury, pretreatment with EKE (300mg/kg) for four consecutive days ameliorated CCl₄-mediated increases in serum aspartate aminotransferase activity, histological activity index, hepatic parenchyma degeneration, and inflammatory cell infiltration. EKE also decreased the number of nitrotyrosine-, 4-hydroxynonenal-, cleaved caspase-3-, and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-positive cells in hepatic tissues. These results suggest EKE is a promising candidate for the prevention or treatment of oxidative stress-related liver diseases via Nrf2 activation.

Korean red ginseng (KRG) is a traditional herbal medicine used to prevent several geriatric diseases due to its therapeutic effects on metabolic disorder, including type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease. In this study, we investigated the effects of KRG on the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in mice. NASH was induced by feeding a methionine- and choline-deficient high-fat or high-fat/high-sucrose diet for 6 or 13 weeks, respectively. Each diet group was also orally administered saline (group G0) or KRG extract (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg/day; groups G1, G2, and G4, respectively). KRG showed anti-inflammatory and antifibrogenic effects in the diet-induced NASH models. Furthermore, the expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes were markedly decreased with KRG treatment in both diet-induced NASH groups. We next confirmed the expression levels of FABP4 in the liver and its ability to regulate inflammation and/or oxidative stress. We observed decreased levels of FABP4 mRNA and protein in the KRG-treated groups indicating that KRG affects the pathogenesis of NASH-related inflammatory responses by modulating FABP4 expression. Results of in vitro experiments showed similar patterns in cells treated with KRG, indicating that KRG treatment regulates the expression of FABP4 and subsequently reduces NASH related inflammation. Our findings suggest a novel role of KRG in NASH-related inflammatory responses via modulation of FABP4 expression in the liver. KRG may be a safe alternative therapy to prevent NASH progression.

Excessive consumption of analgesic drug acetaminophen (APAP) can cause severe oxidative stress-mediated liver injury. Here, we investigated the protective effect and mechanism of aged citrus peel (Chenpi, CP), a Chinese herb usually used in foods in Asia, against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. CP water (CP-WE), ethanolic (CP-EE), and water extraction residue ethanolic (CP-WREE) extracts were prepared. We found that CP-WREE contained higher content of bioactive flavonoids, including narirutin, nobiletin, and tangeretin, and more effectively enhanced the Nrf2 pathway in ARE-luciferase reporter gene transfected human HepG2-C8 cells. In mouse AML-12 hepatocytes, CP-WREE minimized APAP-induced damage and lipid peroxidation and increased mRNA and protein expressions of Nrf2 and its downstream defense enzymes (HO-1, NQO1, and UGT1A). CP-WREE also downregulated HDACs and DNMTs, upregulated KDMs, and increased the unmethylated Nrf2 promoter level. Additionally, CP-WREE blocked in vitro DNA methyltransferase activity. Taken together, CP-WREE might attenuate oxidative stress-induced hepatotoxicity through epigenetically regulating Nrf2-mediated cellular defense system.

AUSTRALIA – PAST Protocol to Fast-track Stroke Treatment

AUSTRALIA – Great Potential of Regenerative Heart Tissue in Embryonic Mice

CHINA – Babies Killed by Tainted Milk Formula Increased to Six

CHINA – Chinese Society of Hematology and Bayer Partner to Develop Comprehensive Care Hemophilia Treatment Centers throughout China

CHINA – Drug Information Association (DIA) Opens New Office in China

CHINA – China Leads Way to Develop Bird Flu Pandemic Forewarning System

CHINA – Herbal Drug Recalled after Infant's Death

CHINA – Toddler Virus Flares Up in China Again

CHINA – Functional Gene Discovered for Rice's Grain-Filling

CHINA – China Tops the Health List among Developing Countries

CHINA – U.S. Food, Drug Regulator to Set Up Offices in China

INDIA – Maharashtra Plans Two More Biotech Parks at Khalapur, Alibag

INDIA – Institute of Clinical Research India Partners with SingHealth

INDONESIA – 113th Bird Flu Death Recorded in Indonesia

JAPAN – World's First Made-to-order Bones on Clinical Trial

JAPAN – Dioxin Tied to Metabolic Syndrome in Japan

MALAYSIA – Medicine Study at Newcastle University in Malaysia

NEW ZEALAND – NZ Research Implants Pig Cells in Human Diabetics

SINGAPORE – Singapore Develops Cell Therapy Treatment for Cancer

SINGAPORE – Singapore Sets Up Second Heart Center to Meet Demand

SINGAPORE – Singapore is First in Southeast Asia to Offer Robotic Surgery for Gynaecologic Cancers

SINGAPORE – SNEC Takes the Lead at the Forefront of Lasik and Corneal Transplant Technology

SINGAPORE – Singapore Pumps Funding to Boost Dengue, Diabetes Research

SINGAPORE – Second Case of Rare Genetic Disorder that Afflict Toddlers Detected

SINGAPORE – Singapore Landfill Gets New Lease of Life as an Eco Park

SINGAPORE – Fusionopolis – World Within a City – Singapore's 2nd R&D Hub

SINGAPORE – Singapore's Stem Cell Research Signifies A Global Breakthrough

THAILAND – Thai Scientists' First Genetic Decode Advances Thailand into “Genomic” Era

THAILAND – Bird Flu Found in Northern Thailand, First Outbreak in 10 months

TAIWAN – A New Food Regulatory Agency to be Set Up in Taiwan

VIETNAM – Vietnam to Host Global Rice Meet in 2010

VIETNAM – Liver Transplant on Vietnam's Youngest Receiver Successful

VIETNAM – Ministries Unite For Greater Synergy to Develop Pharmaceutical Industry

VIETNAM – Vietnam Launches Diabetes Awareness Project

Australian Scientists Make Breakthrough Understanding in Breast Cancer.

New Functional Protein Discovered for Liver Immunology.

Important New Links Found for H. Pylori – the Cancer-causing Bacterium.

AUSTRALIA – Tissue Engineering Hopes for Mastectomy Patients.

AUSTRALIA – Special Repair Enzyme in Kangaroos May Cure Skin Cancer.

AUSTRALIA – World's First Transgenic Sweet Sorghum.

AUSTRALIA – New Test Finds Chink in Cancer's Armor.

AUSTRALIA – Major Advance in Human Antibody Therapy against Deadly Nipah Virus.

AUSTRALIA – Centre of Kinomics to Open "Pandora's box" of Drug Development.

CHINA – H1N1 Influenza Death Toll Triples in China.

CHINA – China Okays GMO Rice Strain.

CHINA – Largest-Ever Liver Proteins Database – Roadmap to Treatments for Hepatitis.

CHINA – Two Longevity Genes Found.

CHINA – China and WHO Set Up Influenza Research Center in Beijing.

INDIA – Knowledge-Based Biotech Park in Himachal Pradesh.

INDIA – 25 Years On, Bhopal Water Still Toxic.

INDIA – Stem Cell Business Booms in India.

SINGAPORE – Genetic Mapping on World's Largest Ethnic Population Yields Invaluable Information.

SINGAPORE – Breakthrough Method to Study 3D Whole Genome Mapping.

SINGAPORE – Cord Blood Proves Positive for Cerebral Palsy Treatment.

SINGAPORE – Singapore the First in Asia to Launch New Biologic Treatment for Psoriasis.

SINGAPORE – Dealing with Climate Change at the 2010 World Cities Summit in Singapore.

SINGAPORE – Greater Cooperation on TCM Between Singapore and China.

TAIWAN – Patterns in Dengue Fever Outbreaks Identified.

TAIWAN – Taiwan and Canada Collaborate to Develop Asian Pneumonia Vaccine.

TAIWAN – New Nano-drug to Cure Cancer Patients.

TAIWAN – First Plant Medicine Center Operational in Taiwan.

OTHER REGIONS — EUROPE – Treat HIV Patients Sooner.

OTHER REGIONS — EUROPE – Studies Show Cancer Can be Passed on in the Womb.

OTHER REGIONS — NORTH AMERICA – Enzyme May Hold Key to Long Life.

OTHER REGIONS — NORTH AMERICA – United States Okays New Human Embryonic Stem Cell Lines for Research.

AUSTRALIA – Researchers Find Bacterium to Trip Malarial Mosquitoes.

AUSTRALIA – One Dose of H1N1 Vaccine May Provide Sufficient Protection for Infants and Children.

AUSTRALIA – Cosmetic Therapy Uses Patient's Own Plasma to Fix Wrinkles.

AUSTRALIA – Asthma Summer Warning.

AUSTRALIA – Link Between Sun Exposure and Food Allergies in Kids Revealed.

AUSTRALIA – Colon Simulator Reduces Cancer.

AUSTRALIA – Farmers Turn Organic for Personal Health.

AUSTRALIA – Rise in Dengue Cases Causes New Outbreak Fears.

CHINA – Western Corporations Move Key Offices to China.

CHINA – China Treating Severe Swine Flu with Blood Plasma.

CHINA – Traditional Medicine Beats H1N1 Virus.

CHINA – Sars Victims Suffer After-Effects.

CHINA – Higher Lung Cancer Risk in Eastern China.

CHINA – Experts Warn of Cancer Linked to Certain Herbs.

INDIA – CSIR Completes First Ever Human Genome Sequencing in India.

INDIA – India among Top 5 Government Funders of Neglected Diseases.

INDIA – Doctors Use Stem Cells to Regrow Teeth in Children.

INDIA – Delhi to Have First Govt-owned Liver Institute.

JAPAN – Israel, Japan Unite For First Time to Study Brain, Stem Cells.

PHILIPPINES – Stem Cell Therapy as Rejuvenation and Other Disease Treatment.

SINGAPORE – Scientists Discover Natural Compound in Palm Oil Kills Breast Cancer Cells.

SINGAPORE – More than 200 Scientists Attend A*STAR Biomedical Sciences Symposium.

SINGAPORE – Global Phase III Clinical Trial to Treat Head and Neck Cancer Begins.

EUROPE – Stem Cell Treatment Helps Regain Eyesight.

AUSTRALIA – Australia Lifts Transplant Rate.

AUSTRALIA – Tamarind Derivative Repairs Damaged Brain Cells.

AUSTRALIA – High Hopes for Ross River Virus Vaccine.

AUSTRALIA – Genetic Link to Risk of Developing Bone Disease.

AUSTRALIA – Edible Vaccine in the Works.

CHINA – China Mulls New Mental Health Law.

CHINA – University of Pennsylvania Pairs up with Chinese Academy of Sciences for Neuroimaging.

INDIA – Vaccine Tests for Brain Virus.

KOREA – New Technique Makes Artificial Bones More Natural.

KOREA – Scientists Develop Magnetic Nanoparticles that Kill Cancer Cells.

SINGAPORE – IE Singapore Forms Biomedical R&D Consortium.

VIETNAM – Fatty Liver Disease on the Rise Among Youth.

OTHER REGIONS — New Clues to How Cancer Spreads.

OTHER REGIONS — Scientists Find Genes Linked to Migraines.

OTHER REGIONS — New Drug Makes Hearts Repair Themselves.

AUSTRALIA – Genetic Link Found for Brain Disorders.

AUSTRALIA – Burns Treatment to Replace Skin Grafts.

AUSTRALIA – Australian Scientists Discover How Liver Kills "Killer Cells".

AUSTRALIA – High Fat Food Triggers Gene 'Switch' Leading to Type 2 Diabetes.

CHINA – First Biologist from China Wins Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award.

INDIA – H5 Bird Flu Outbreak in West Bengal.

JAPAN – New Zealand, Japanese Scientists Collaborate on Functional Foods Research.

SINGAPORE – Antibodies Can Bind Cancer Proteins on the Inside.

SINGAPORE – A Guinness World Record for Singapore with A*STAR IMRE's world's smallest Working Gears.

SINGAPORE – IBN Harnesses Ultrasmall Peptides to Repair Spinal Disc Damage.

TAIWAN – Meningitis C Vaccination Breakthrough.

TAIWAN – Taiwan Targets Developing High-end Medical Equipment in Three Stages.

TAIWAN – Scientists Announce Technology to Grow Meat Faster at Lower Cost.

TAIWAN – Taiwanese-American HIV/AIDS Academic Joins Team.

OTHER REGIONS — Gene Behind Chronic Blood Cancer Identified.

OTHER REGIONS — New Technology Could Make You Light-Hearted.

OTHER REGIONS — HIV/AIDS Researcher David Ho Wins NIDA's 2011 Avant-Garde Award.

OTHER REGIONS — Steven Chu - 2011 R&D Magazine's 49th Scientist of the Year.

OTHER REGIONS — Shu Chien Awarded 2011 National Medal of Science.