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The electrochemical deposition of magnesium was investigated in ethereal Grignard salt solution with tetraethylammonium bistrifluoro-methanesulfonimidate additive, using cyclic voltammetry, potentiostatic transients, and scanning electron microscope measurements. The voltammograms showed the presence of reduction and oxidation peaks associated with the deposition and dissolution of magnesium. From the analysis of the experimental current transients, it was shown that the magnesium deposition process was characterized as a three-dimensional nucleation. The deposited product obtained from potentiostatic reduction presented a generally uniform and dense film.

An inverse template method that relies on the use of a controlled porous spacer material was implemented to produce periodic magnesium (Mg) foams. Bulk infiltration pressures were varied to determine a processing-property map. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the resulting periodic Mg foams were investigated using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and compression testing, respectively. SEM was also used to analyze the surface topology of the periodic foams and compare it to the original template material. It was found that the casting pressure has a great effect not only on the success of the infiltration but also the surface roughness and other microstructural features of the foam.

In this study, three types of functionally graded Al₁₈B₄O₃₃/Mg composites which consisted of 2, 3 and 4 layers and where volume fractions of Al₁₈B₄O₃₃ were gradually changing from 0 to 35% were fabricated using squeeze infiltration technique. The mechanical parameters of each layer were measured for the analysis of residual stress. Elastic finite element numerical models were applied to the analysis of thermal residual stress. The analytic results showed that the residual stresses were significantly decreased in the macrointerface with increasing the number of layer.

Magnesium is light, biocompatible and has similar mechanical properties to natural bone, so it has the potential to be used as a biodegradable material for orthopedic applications. However, pure magnesium severely corrodes in a physiological environment, which may hinder its use for in vivo applications. Protective coatings are effective method to delay the corrosion of Mg. In this study, sol-gel and hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings were applied onto the surface of pure magnesium substrates using a biomimetic technique. The corrosion rate of surface-treated substrates was tested. It was found that both types of coatings substantially slowed down the corrosion of the substrate, the 60Ca so-gel and HA coating was more effectively than the 100Si so-gel and HA coating in hindering the degradation of the substrate. Thus, the corrosion rate of magnesium implants can be closely tailored by coating sol-gel then coating apatite thereby monitoring the release of magnesium ions into the body.

Magnesium (Mg) crystal structures are extensively explored using an evolutionary algorithm implemented in the USPEX code. Two structures with simple trigonal and tetragonal symmetries are discovered to possibly exist under high pressure. The stability of these symmetries is determined by elastic constants and phonon spectrum calculations. First-principle calculations are performed to investigate the structural, mechanical and electronic properties of different Mg structures under high pressure (up to 300 GPa). Above 190 GPa, the trigonal structure is more stable than the hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure. Particularly, the trigonal structure can be considered a compromise between face-centered cubic (FCC) and HCP blocks. Interestingly, the tetragonal structure density is only 95% HCP structure. In addition, the tetragonal structure has strong directional bonding but is less stable than the HCP structure (up to 600 GPa). Pressure significantly changes the electronic properties of both structures although they remain metallic up to 300 GPa.

In this paper, hierarchical surface structures were developed to achieve the superhydrophobicity on AZ31 magnesium alloys. The uniform nodular microstructure was constructed by laser processing, and the subsequent cobalt electrodeposition fabricated a nanostructured needle-like morphology onto the surface nodules. The superhydrophobic surfaces prepared under varied electrodeposition current densities were characterized. When applying 7 mA/cm² current density, the sample revealed the best superhydrophobic performance. The chemical stability of superhydrophobic samples was tested, which confirmed excellent superhydrophobicity was hardly affected by the corrosion environment. The results showed the samples still possessed the hydrophobic ability after tests. The developed fabrication method combines the advantages of laser processing and electrodeposition, which serves as a fast and cost-effective pathway to manufacture superhydrophobic surfaces.

Polycrystalline nickel–zinc ferrites of chemical formula Ni_0.65-xMg_xZn_0.35Fe₂O₄ (x = 0.00 to 0.2 in steps of 0.04) have been prepared by conventional ceramic technique. Calcination and sintering of all samples have been carried out in air atmosphere at 950°C and 1250°C, respectively, followed by natural cooling to room temperature. All the samples were characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) for structure determination. These samples were then investigated for their magnetic and electric properties, including saturation magnetization, Curie temperature, initial permeability measurements and DC electrical resistivity. Porosity was decreased drastically from 15% to 5% showed better quality of the sintered samples. There were increments in initial permeability and DC electrical resistivity throughout the series of samples. Variations in the observed properties as a function of magnesium concentration have been discussed in light of the existing understanding.

The isotope shifts of the $2s{}^2{\mathrm{\text{S}}}_{1/2}$–$2p{}^2{\mathrm{\text{P}}}_J(J=1/2,3/2)$ transitions for the Li-like neutron-rich and neutron-deficient ${}^{21\text{–}32}\mathrm{\text{Mg}}$ isotopes are calculated using the multi-configuration Dirac–Hartree–Fock (MCDHF) method and the relativistic configuration interaction approach. The results provided herein can be employed for the consistency check with the nuclear root-mean-square (rms) nuclear charge radii of the short-lived magnesium isotopes from the experimental isotope shifts using the corresponding transitions. The methods used here could also be applied to other few-electron Li-like systems and the analogous isotope shift results could be obtained.

This work focuses on the analytical study of mechanical and thermal properties of a nanocomposite that can be obtained by reinforcing graphene in magnesium. The estimated mechanical and thermal properties of graphene–magnesium nanocomposite are much higher than magnesium and other existing alloys used in aerospace materials. We also altered the weight percentage of graphene in the composite and observed mechanical and thermal properties of the composite increase with increase in concentration of graphene reinforcement. The Young’s modulus and thermal conductivity of graphene–magnesium nanocomposite are found to be $\ge$165 GPa and $\ge$175 W/mK, respectively. Nanocomposite material with desired properties for targeted applications can also be designed by our analytical modeling technique. This graphene–magnesium nanocomposite can be used for designing improved aerospace structure systems with enhanced properties.

In this paper, kappa and Druyvesteyn distributions of electronic velocity are discussed for non-Maxwellian distribution. For accurate temperature and electron density diagnostics of Magnesium plasma, for the Magnesium VIII ${}^2{P}_{1/2}^0$ to ${}^2{P}_{3/2}^0$ transitions, we calculate kappa averaged collision strengths for $\kappa$ = 2, 3 and 5 and the Druyvesteyn averaged collision strengths for $x$ = 1.5, 2 and 3, for temperature between $5\times 10^4$ and $2.5\times 10^5\mathrm{\text{K}}$. Results indicate that the kappa averaged collision strengths are slightly larger than those for the Maxwellian distribution, and the Druyvesteyn averaged collision strengths are slightly smaller than those for the Maxwellian distribution, furthermore, the averaged collision strengths will be close to those for Maxwellian distribution with increasing $\kappa$ for the kappa distribution and with decreasing $x$ for the Druyvesteyn distribution. The excitation rate coefficients are also calculated for Maxwellian and non-Maxwellian distributions. This discussion will be significant in study of plasma for the non-Maxwellian distribution.

The present study proposes a constitutive model for deformation twinning which takes into account the twin degrees of freedom via incompatibility tensor model based on Field Theory of Multiscale Plasticity (FTMP). The model is introduced in the hardening law in the FTMP-based crystalline plasticity framework, which is further implemented into a finite element code. Deformation analyses are made for pure single crystal magnesium with HCP structure, and the descriptive capabilities of the proposed model are confirmed based on critical comparisons with experimental data under plain–strain compression in multiple orientations, available in the literature. The simulated results are demonstrated to successfully reproduce the unique stress–strain responses induced by twinning. The evolution of the relative activities of the various slips, and twin mechanisms for each orientation are extensively examined.