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With the increasing importance of vehicle acoustic comfort, the topics of precise absorber simulation and characterization approaches are coming into forefront. The behavior of widely used porous mass-spring systems, consisting of foams coupled with heavy layers, can be strongly influenced by numerous factors. Among them are boundary conditions between trim materials and exciting structures. This paper focuses on investigating trim-structure interface phenomena with the help of modern measurement techniques. Using acquired experimental results, numerical studies have been conducted to account for observed phenomena. In particular, parameter optimization algorithms have been implemented for intrinsic material parameter characterization purposes. Moreover, sensitivity analysis investigations have been performed to substantiate the developed approaches.

Biomechanical modeling of human and animal brain tissue is a growing field of research, whose applications currently include simulating, with a view to minimizing, head injuries in car impacts, generically modeling dynamic behavior in the surgical theater, such as brain shift, and increasingly, providing medical experts with clinical tools such as surgical simulators and predictive models for tumour growth. This chapter provides an overview of the literature on the biomechanics of the brain, with a particular emphasis on applications to intrasurgical brain shift estimation and to surgical simulation. Included is a discussion of the underlying continua, of numerical estimation techniques, and of related cutting and resection models.