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Modern medical procedures, including laser surgery, can generate fine aerosols that may carry biologically active agents. With such procedures becoming more commonplace, it is evident that we need to look at the health implications on hospital staff when dealing with highly contagious patients with bacterial and/or viral infections, such as AIDS. The focus of this study is not to determine what portion that population is actually harmful, only to deduce what segment is still biologically active after vaporization from tissues. We have developed procedures to collect and analyze aerosols by size (from >10 μm to less than 0.07 μm) and by time (from minutes to ~ 4 hour increments). Health relevant size cuts for aerosols in a work environment have been adopted by the International Organization for Standardization and the Comite of European de Normalisation. We examined both the nature of the aerosols generated and the efficiency of hospital masks used by personnel in screening aerosols and simulated conditions under which aerosols might be inhaled. Four sets of data were recorded: Mask filtered physical, mask filtered biological, unfiltered physical and unfiltered biological. A combination of PIXE analyses on impactor and filter samples were matched with filters and strips plated on agarose plates and counted for colony forming units to determine the biologically active subset of the population.

Pyrite has been the most commonly used medicinal mineral, and its toxicity was reduced by traditional processing operations including heating and quenching in vinegar. To verify the scientific effects of this process, pyrite was processed at temperatures up to 850°C and through as many as five processing cycles. A metal extraction test was carried out from the processed pyrites on the assumption that pyrite medicines with the lowest toxic metal content would be most desirable. Increasing temperature and the number of processing cycles promoted phase change of pyrite to hematite, reduction of toxic metals in pyrite and their concentrations in the extraction solutions. However, the relationships between variations in extracted elements and the number of processing cycles at the same processing temperature were not clearly defined. Heating temperature is more important than the number of processing cycles for effective processing, and pyrite should be processed at the highest possible temperature in order to diminish highly toxic metals such as As and Pb.

The fruit of Lycium chinense Miller (Solanaceae) is used as a functional food and a medicinal herb for treating many specific health concerns. Weight gain induced by estrogen deficiency is a problem for post-menopausal women around the globe. The present study investigates the effects of aqueous extract of L. chinense (LC) on post-menopausal obesity. Female C57BL/6 mice were ovariectomized and fed on high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to induce post-menopausal obesity. LC extract (1mg/kg and 10mg/kg) was orally administrated for 6 weeks with continuous HFD feeding. Ovarian adipose tissues and uterus were weighed. Serum triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and fasting glucose levels were analyzed. The expressions of adipocyte-specific factors and estrogen receptors (ERs) were investigated. Additionally, lipid accumulation was confirmed in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Increased body weight due to post-menopausal obesity was ameliorated about 14.7% and 17.76% by treatment of 1mg/kg and 10mg/kg LC, respectively. LC treatment reduced both of serum lipid and fasting blood glucose levels. Adipocyte hypertrophy and fatty liver were ameliorated in LC-treated groups. In LC-treated adipocyte cells, lipid accumulation was significantly inhibited. The expression of perilipin in adipose tissues was decreased by LC. In addition, expression of PPAR-$\gamma$ protein was down-regulated in adipose tissues and differentiated adipocytes, while GLUT4 expression was increased in adipose tissues by LC treatment. Moreover, LC treatment up-regulated the expressions of ER-$\alpha$/$\beta$ accompanied with increased uterine weight. These results showed the ameliorative effects of LC on overweight after menopause. Post-menopausal obesity may be improved by LC treatment.

Complex systems, as interwoven miscellaneous interacting entities that emerge and evolve through self-organization in a myriad of spiraling contexts, exhibit subtleties on global scale besides steering the way to understand complexity which has been under evolutionary processes with unfolding cumulative nature wherein order is viewed as the unifying framework. Indicating the striking feature of non-separability in components, a complex system cannot be understood in terms of the individual isolated constituents’ properties per se, it can rather be comprehended as a way to multilevel approach systems behavior with systems whose emergent behavior and pattern transcend the characteristics of ubiquitous units composing the system itself. This observation specifies a change of scientific paradigm, presenting that a reductionist perspective does not by any means imply a constructionist view; and in that vein, complex systems science, associated with multiscale problems, is regarded as ascendancy of emergence over reductionism and level of mechanistic insight evolving into complex system. While evolvability being related to the species and humans owing their existence to their ancestors’ capability with regards to adapting, emerging and evolving besides the relation between complexity of models, designs, visualization and optimality, a horizon that can take into account the subtleties making their own means of solutions applicable is to be entailed by complexity. Such views attach their germane importance to the future science of complexity which may probably be best regarded as a minimal history congruent with observable variations, namely the most parallelizable or symmetric process which can turn random inputs into regular outputs. Interestingly enough, chaos and nonlinear systems come into this picture as cousins of complexity which with tons of its components are involved in a hectic interaction with one another in a nonlinear fashion amongst the other related systems and fields. Relation, in mathematics, is a way of connecting two or more things, which is to say numbers, sets or other mathematical objects, and it is a relation that describes the way the things are interrelated to facilitate making sense of complex mathematical systems. Accordingly, mathematical modeling and scientific computing are proven principal tools toward the solution of problems arising in complex systems’ exploration with sound, stimulating and innovative aspects attributed to data science as a tailored-made discipline to enable making sense out of voluminous (-big) data. Regarding the computation of the complexity of any mathematical model, conducting the analyses over the run time is related to the sort of data determined and employed along with the methods. This enables the possibility of examining the data applied in the study, which is dependent on the capacity of the computer at work. Besides these, varying capacities of the computers have impact on the results; nevertheless, the application of the method on the code step by step must be taken into consideration. In this sense, the definition of complexity evaluated over different data lends a broader applicability range with more realism and convenience since the process is dependent on concrete mathematical foundations. All of these indicate that the methods need to be investigated based on their mathematical foundation together with the methods. In that way, it can become foreseeable what level of complexity will emerge for any data desired to be employed. With relation to fractals, fractal theory and analysis are geared toward assessing the fractal characteristics of data, several methods being at stake to assign fractal dimensions to the datasets, and within that perspective, fractal analysis provides expansion of knowledge regarding the functions and structures of complex systems while acting as a potential means to evaluate the novel areas of research and to capture the roughness of objects, their nonlinearity, randomness, and so on. The idea of fractional-order integration and differentiation as well as the inverse relationship between them lends fractional calculus applications in various fields spanning across science, medicine and engineering, amongst the others. The approach of fractional calculus, within mathematics-informed frameworks employed to enable reliable comprehension into complex processes which encompass an array of temporal and spatial scales notably provides the novel applicable models through fractional-order calculus to optimization methods. Computational science and modeling, notwithstanding, are oriented toward the simulation and investigation of complex systems through the use of computers by making use of domains ranging from mathematics to physics as well as computer science. A computational model consisting of numerous variables that characterize the system under consideration allows the performing of many simulated experiments via computerized means. Furthermore, Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques whether combined or not with fractal, fractional analysis as well as mathematical models have enabled various applications including the prediction of mechanisms ranging extensively from living organisms to other interactions across incredible spectra besides providing solutions to real-world complex problems both on local and global scale. While enabling model accuracy maximization, AI can also ensure the minimization of functions such as computational burden. Relatedly, level of complexity, often employed in computer science for decision-making and problem-solving processes, aims to evaluate the difficulty of algorithms, and by so doing, it helps to determine the number of required resources and time for task completion. Computational (-algorithmic) complexity, referring to the measure of the amount of computing resources (memory and storage) which a specific algorithm consumes when it is run, essentially signifies the complexity of an algorithm, yielding an approximate sense of the volume of computing resources and seeking to prove the input data with different values and sizes. Computational complexity, with search algorithms and solution landscapes, eventually points toward reductions vis à vis universality to explore varying degrees of problems with different ranges of predictability. Taken together, this line of sophisticated and computer-assisted proof approach can fulfill the requirements of accuracy, interpretability, predictability and reliance on mathematical sciences with the assistance of AI and machine learning being at the plinth of and at the intersection with different domains among many other related points in line with the concurrent technical analyses, computing processes, computational foundations and mathematical modeling. Consequently, as distinctive from the other ones, our special issue series provides a novel direction for stimulating, refreshing and innovative interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary understanding and research in model-based, data-driven modes to be able to obtain feasible accurate solutions, designed simulations, optimization processes, among many more. Hence, we address the theoretical reflections on how all these processes are modeled, merging all together the advanced methods, mathematical analyses, computational technologies, quantum means elaborating and exhibiting the implications of applicable approaches in real-world systems and other related domains.

In some practical situations – e.g., when treating a new illness – we do not have enough data to make valid statistical conclusions. In such situations, it is necessary to use expert knowledge – and thus, it is beneficial to use fuzzy techniques that were specifically designed to process such knowledge. At first glance, it may seem that in situations when we have large amounts of data, the relative importance of expert knowledge should decrease. However, somewhat surprisingly, it turns out that expert knowledge is still very useful in the current age of big data. In this paper, we explain how exactly (and why) expert knowledge is useful, and we overview efficient methods for processing this knowledge. This overview is illustrated by examples from environmental science, geosciences, engineering (in particular, aircraft maintenance and underwater robots), and medicine.

Neuro-fuzzy techniques have been widely used in many applications due to their ability to generate interpretable fuzzy rules. Ensemble learning, on the other hand, is an emerging paradigm in artificial intelligence used to improve performance results by combining multiple single learners. This paper aims to develop and evaluate a set of homogeneous ensembles over four medical datasets using hyperparameter tuning of four neuro-fuzzy systems: adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), Dynamic evolving neuro-fuzzy system (DENFIS), Hybrid fuzzy inference system (HyFIS), and neuro-fuzzy classifier (NEFCLASS). To address the interpretability challenges and to reduce the complexity of high-dimensional data, the information gain filter was used to identify the most relevant features. After that, the performance of the neuro-fuzzy single learners and ensembles was evaluated using four performance metrics: accuracy, precision, recall, and f1 score. To decide which single learners/ensembles perform better, the Scott-Knott and Borda count techniques were used. The Scott-Knott first groups the models based on the accuracy to find the classifiers appearing in the best cluster, while the Borda count ranks the models based on all the four performance metrics without favoring any of the metrics. Results showed that: (1) The number of the combined single learners positively impacts the performance of the ensembles, (2) Single neuro-fuzzy classifiers demonstrate better or similar performance to the ensembles, but the ensembles still provide better stability of predictions, and (3) Among the ensembles of different models, ANFIS provided the best ensemble results.

Singapore Heart Foundation Launches Mobile CPR Download.

NHG Annual Scientifc Congress (ASC).

AUSTRALIA – Hospital Infections Bring Costly Loss in Lost Bed Days.

CHINA – Novel Mechanism in Chinese Herbs Discovered for Cancer Treatment.

CHINA – "Dung of the Devil" Plant Roots Point to New Swine Flu Drugs.

CHINA – New Center at Chinese Academy of Sciences Pushes Life Science Innovation.

CHINA – A New Function of Insulin Receptor Discovered.

JAPAN – Researchers Identify Fat-Causing Protein.

SINGAPORE – Operation Conducted Entirely Through the Navel.

SINGAPORE – Saliva From Blood-Feeding Bug Could Help Prevent Heart Attacks.

SINGAPORE – 17 Projects Awarded Grants by A*STAR.

SINGAPORE – Third Medical School for Singapore.

SINGAPORE – Singapore's Medical Technology Sector Reports Strong Growth.

SINGAPORE – Scientists Unlock Secret to Youthful Skin.

SINGAPORE – Singapore Gears Up for Influenza A (H1N1) Vaccines.

SINGAPORE – NUS Gets World's Most High-Tech Microscope.

SINGAPORE – Waseda University Opens First Overseas Biosciences Research Institute in Singapore.

TAIWAN – Taiwan Makes Headway in New Drug Development.

TAIWAN – Nutrition Sensor in Plants Pivotal in Understanding Molecular Equilibrium in Human Body.

VIETNAM – U.S. Provides Aid to Vietnam for Pandemic Preparedness.

EUROPE – Heart Risks Cut Life Span by 10 Years.

NORTH AMERICA – Bad Drug Effects in Children from Medicines.

NORTH AMERICA – Virus Linked to Prostate Cancer Discovered.

NORTH AMERICA – Will H1N1 Mutate into "Superbug"?

AUSTRALIA – Tissue Engineering Hopes for Mastectomy Patients.

AUSTRALIA – Special Repair Enzyme in Kangaroos May Cure Skin Cancer.

AUSTRALIA – World's First Transgenic Sweet Sorghum.

AUSTRALIA – New Test Finds Chink in Cancer's Armor.

AUSTRALIA – Major Advance in Human Antibody Therapy against Deadly Nipah Virus.

AUSTRALIA – Centre of Kinomics to Open "Pandora's box" of Drug Development.

CHINA – H1N1 Influenza Death Toll Triples in China.

CHINA – China Okays GMO Rice Strain.

CHINA – Largest-Ever Liver Proteins Database – Roadmap to Treatments for Hepatitis.

CHINA – Two Longevity Genes Found.

CHINA – China and WHO Set Up Influenza Research Center in Beijing.

INDIA – Knowledge-Based Biotech Park in Himachal Pradesh.

INDIA – 25 Years On, Bhopal Water Still Toxic.

INDIA – Stem Cell Business Booms in India.

SINGAPORE – Genetic Mapping on World's Largest Ethnic Population Yields Invaluable Information.

SINGAPORE – Breakthrough Method to Study 3D Whole Genome Mapping.

SINGAPORE – Cord Blood Proves Positive for Cerebral Palsy Treatment.

SINGAPORE – Singapore the First in Asia to Launch New Biologic Treatment for Psoriasis.

SINGAPORE – Dealing with Climate Change at the 2010 World Cities Summit in Singapore.

SINGAPORE – Greater Cooperation on TCM Between Singapore and China.

TAIWAN – Patterns in Dengue Fever Outbreaks Identified.

TAIWAN – Taiwan and Canada Collaborate to Develop Asian Pneumonia Vaccine.

TAIWAN – New Nano-drug to Cure Cancer Patients.

TAIWAN – First Plant Medicine Center Operational in Taiwan.

OTHER REGIONS — EUROPE – Treat HIV Patients Sooner.

OTHER REGIONS — EUROPE – Studies Show Cancer Can be Passed on in the Womb.

OTHER REGIONS — NORTH AMERICA – Enzyme May Hold Key to Long Life.

OTHER REGIONS — NORTH AMERICA – United States Okays New Human Embryonic Stem Cell Lines for Research.

AUSTRALIA – New Leukemia Discovery.

AUSTRALIA – Scientists Identify Proteins to Fight Malaria.

AUSTRALIA – Organ Donation Rates up in NSW.

AUSTRALIA – Chlamydia Rates have Hit an All-time High in Australia, with Reports of Infections Tripling Over the Past Decade.

CHINA – Chinese Scientists Caught Faking Research Papers.

CHINA – New Findings for Cancer Treatment.

CHINA – A/H1N1 Flu to Keep Spreading in China.

CHINA – Scientists Discover Avian Influenza Outbreak Closely Related to Bird Migration.

CHINA – Vitamin C Boosts the Reprogramming of Adult Cells into Stem Cells.

CHINA – Georgia State Partners with Institutions in China and Taiwan.

CHINA – China a Rising Star in Regenerative Medicine Despite World Skepticism of Stem Cell Therapies.

HONG KONG – Hong Kong Discovers Pigs with H1N1 Virus.

HONG KONG – Two more Norwegian-like Mutations of Human Swine Influenza Virus Detected.

INDIA – India, Sweden to Boost Bilateral Ties in Healthcare.

INDIA – Agri-Biotech Focus at Bangalore India Bio.

PHILIPPINES – Biologist Finds New Vaccine for Malaria in Philippines.

SINGAPORE – EADS and A*STAR's ICES to Collaborate on Biofuels.

SINGAPORE – Singapore, France Collaborate to Further Scientific R&D.

SINGAPORE – Rare Neurological Complications of Cancer Successfully Treated by NCCS.

SINGAPORE – NUS Scientists Isolate Gene that Makes Plants Flower Faster.

SINGAPORE – A*STAR, EDB Partner with Stanford University to Nurture Next-generation Asian Leaders in Medical Device Innovation.

TAIWAN – Local University Sets Up Asia's First Animal Cancer Center.

TAIWAN – Green Tea Might Protect Against Lung Cancer.

TAIWAN – Embryo Screening Breakthrough to Give Healthy Babies to Parents.

NORTH AMERICA – Scientists Develop New Stroke Therapy.

Biodiversity Conservation is Everyone's Business.

Search for ASEAN Champions of Biodiversity is On.

Drug Companies Reduce Prices of Medicines.

SWS: Make Health A Priority, Filipinos Ask Next Leaders.

New Vein Harvesting Technology.

Mobile Health Records in Malaysia.

Faster, Accurately Targeted Radiation Cancer Patients.

SingHealth Selects IBM and SAP To Transform HR Processes.

A*STAR Scientist Receives International Award for Innovation in Healthcare Technology.

Six Clinician Scientists Receive Funding Support for Translational and Clinical Research.

Japanese Stem Cell Scientist Wins Kyoto Prize.

BIOTEC Researcher Wins Great Gigabase Grant.

AUSTRALIA – Australian Scientists in Stem-cell First.

AUSTRALIA – Australia's First SynCardia Total Artificial Heart Implant.

AUSTRALIA – First Patient Receives Gamma Knife Treatment in Australia.

AUSTRALIA – ADHD Pesticide Link Confirmed.

AUSTRALIA – Aged Garlic Extract can lower Blood Pressure.

CHINA – Chinese Scientists Discover Liver Cancer-prone Genes.

CHINA – Experts Find Gene Variants for Stomach, Gullet Cancer.

CHINA – China Publishes List of 33 Circulating Fake Medicines.

CHINA – Chinese Vaccine Shields against Hepatitis E.

INDIA – Genetic Cause of Gall Bladder Stones Found.

INDIA – Obesity Surgery can Reverse Metabolic Complications.

INDIA – Japanese Encephalitis on Rise in India.

NEW ZEALAND – Rising Cases of Swine Flu in NZ.

SINGAPORE – New Hope for Women with Breast or Ovarian Cancer.

SINGAPORE – Singapore on Alert for Gene that Creates Superbugs.

SINGAPORE – NCCS to Lead Asian Phase III Clinical Trial for Colorectal Cancer.

SINGAPORE – A*STAR and Institut Mérieux/Biomérieux Invest S$3m in Tuberculosis Research.

SINGAPORE – International Conference on Bioengineering and Nanotechnology to Boost Interdisciplinary Research.

SINGAPORE – Scientists to Research Ways to Fight Infectious Diseases and Viruses.

TAIWAN – Chang Gung Team Develops New Brain Cancer Treatment.

TAIWAN – Taiwan, Canada Develop New Hepatitis C Screening Method.

AUSTRALIA – Asian Mushrooms Could Help Fight Prostate Cancer

AUSTRALIA – New Lung Cancer Treatment Discovered

AUSTRALIA – Gene Behind Rare Brain Disorder Identified

CHINA – China Bans Controversial Drug for Kids Below 12

INDIA – Ovarian Cancer Treated with Immunotherapy

INDIA – Gene Card Tells What Drugs to Avoid

INDIA – IISc, Deakin Join Hands to Fight Cancer with Nanotechnology

INDIA – Indian Govt to Introduce First Five-in-One Vaccine

SINGAPORE – New Test for Pain Tolerence

SINGAPORE – NUS Best University for Medicine in Asia

OTHER REGIONS — Implant Breakthrough Helps Paraplegic Man Stand Unaided

OTHER REGIONS — Scientists Discover Protein that can Halt Spread of Breast Cancer

Yak genome provides new insights into high altitude adaptation.

Gentris and Shanghai Institutes of Preventative Medicine expand collaboration.

Chinese researchers identify rice gene enhancing quality, productivity.

Quintiles opens new Center of Excellence in Dalian to support innovative drug development.

BGI demonstrated genomic data transfer at nearly 10 gigabits per second between US and China.

Quintiles deepens investment in China - New Quintiles China Headquarters and local lab testing solution announced.

Beike earns AABB Accreditation for cord blood and cord tissue banking.

Epigenomic differences between newborns and centenarians provide insight to the understanding of aging.

Ocular Toxoplasmosis.

International Conference & Exhibition of the Modernization of Chinese Medicine & Health Products (ICMCM) - Annual Pivotal Event for Global Chinese Medicine Industry.

Biotechnology unveils secrets of Chinese medicine.

Climate change a mixed blessing for wheat, say experts.

NTOU identified germ cells and somatic cells in coral bodies for the first time in the world.

Researchers tabulate disturbing changes and disappearance in biodiversity in Southern Taiwan coral reefs over last 26 years.

NCKU research team discovers new complex in treating cancer.

Chinese scientists successfully crack the genome of diploid cotton.

Taiwan's healthcare market boosted by aging population.

Researchers develop mouse model of common motor neuron disease pinpointing TDP-43 protein as likely cause.

MALAYSIA — Veolia expands presence in East Malaysia.

SINGAPORE — Syneron Dental Lasers signs distribution agreement with Healthcare Solutions & Services Pte Ltd.

SINGAPORE — Fujitsu advances healthcare innovation in collaboration with National University of Singapore.

SINGAPORE — Clearbridge BioMedics makes a big impact at the 2012 Asian Innovation Awards.

SINGAPORE — TauRx Pharmaceuticals receives $111.8m commitment from Genting to prepare for Market Leadership in Alzheimer's.

THAILAND — Key Phase II HIV/HCV trial has commenced in Bangkok.

AUSTRALIA — Hatchtech mechanism of action data and safety study published.

AUSTRALIA — Power to you: carbon nanotube muscles are going strong.

EUROPE — GE Healthcare Life Sciences opens new £3 million laboratories for cell science.

EUROPE — AstraZeneca announces Phase III results from naloxegol pivotal trials.

EUROPE — ACADIA's pimavanserin sees Phase III success.

EUROPE — Big Pharma is doing more for access to medicine in developing countries.

EUROPE — CAVATAK™ bladder cancer – positive preliminary data.

EUROPE — Avita Medical initiates European trial in the management of chronic lower limb ulcers.

NORTH AMERICA — FEI unveils broad correlative microscopy solution set for cell biologists.

NORTH AMERICA — A single dose of Medicago's H5N1 VLP vaccine protects against additional pandemic flu strains in a preclinical study.

NORTH AMERICA — Biologics and stem cell research boost the cell culture market.

Treating An Aging Population – Innovative Dutch Solutions: Netherlands Foreign Investment Agency.

Singapore and Korea research institutes to collaborate on biomass-to-chemicals research.

Nobel prize in medicine goes to cell transport discovery.

Tri-institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, Inc. launched.

Agilent Technologies collaborates with Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health.

Quintiles selected by Muscular Dystrophy Association to develop U.S. Disease Registry.

Joslin Diabetes Center forms alliance with John & Johnson Innovation to identify exercise-related drug targets to improve diabetes management.

CLINATEC chairman Alim-Louis Benabid honored for Parkinson's disease work.

AstraZeneca enters co-promotion agreement with Janssen in Japan for innovative prostrate cancer treatment.

Scotland demonstrates its collaborative approach to cell therapy development.

KineMed forms agreement with Amgen to develop kinetic biomarkers of brain proteinopathies.

IMCD group opens its first pharmaceutical laboratory.

Napier Healthcare wins Promising Healthcare IT Company of the Year 2013 Award from Frost & Sullivan Singapore.

AB SCIEX opens R&D center in Singapore; hopes to drive scientific innovation.