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In recent years, community detection has become a hot research topic in complex networks. Many of the proposed algorithms are for detecting community based on the modularity Q. However, there is a resolution limit problem in modularity optimization methods. In order to detect the community structure more effectively, a memetic particle swarm optimization algorithm (MPSOA) is proposed to optimize the modularity density by introducing particle swarm optimization-based global search operator and tabu local search operator, which is useful to keep a balance between diversity and convergence. For comparison purposes, two state-of-the-art algorithms, namely, meme-net and fast modularity, are carried on the synthetic networks and other four real-world network problems. The obtained experiment results show that the proposed MPSOA is an efficient heuristic approach for the community detection problems.