Narrow Results

Mo₂Ga₂C, which is a new member of MAX phases family discovered recently, has been regarded as the first compound of M₂A₂X family considering that no members of M₂A₂X phases have been found. Our work conducted first-principles calculations of new nanolaminate Mo₂Ga₂C followed by comparison with Mo-containing M₂AX phases (Mo₂GaC). Our results have shown that electric conductivity and ductile properties are greatly increased by adding Ga-layer, while theoretical hardness is retained. The Mo₂Ga₂C is found to possess more metallicity.

The R^1/n law for the radial surface brightness of elliptical galaxies and the "Best Accretion Model" together with the "Concentration Model" have been combined in order to determine the mass and dynamical structure of largely-populated star systems. Families of models depending on four parameters have been used to fit the observed surface radial profiles of some spectro-photometric indices of a sample of eleven galaxies. We present the best agreements of the spectral index Mg₂ with observations for three selected galaxies representative of the full sample. For them we have also computed the spatial distributions of the metal abundances, which are essential to achieve a population synthesis.

Several single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) prepared by different methods have been used to investigate the material dependence on the optimal film performance of flexible transparent conducting films. The nanotubes were dispersed in water with sodium dodecyl sulfate by sonication. These SWCNT solutions were then sprayed onto the Poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate by a spray coater to form the film. Several factors such as purity, diameter, defects, metallicity, and degree of dispersion were evaluated individually to examine how they affect the film performance. We found that the metallicity of SWCNTs and the degree of dispersion are the most crucial factors in determining the film performance. We also proposed a material quality factor to estimate the material quality of SWCNTs as a figure of merit for the film performance.

Our preceding paper “Implementing Maxwell’s aether.……” (Paper I) concluded:- (A) Maxwell’s aether, ignored in Relativity, is a massless, quasi-superfluid continuum of extremely high negative charge density; (B) Fundamental particles are not infinitesimal singularities within the aether but develop their mass by being ‘made out of it’ (hence the name Continuum Theory) as finite-sized vortical constructs of its motion. So reproduction (‘auto-creation’) of more of them requires only the addition of suitable dynamical energy, with Ampere’s law providing charge-coupling in shear to get rotations. (C) In the resulting gravitational process, generating the Newtonian force simultaneously also generates a radial electric field, the Gravity-Electric (G-E) field, whose action on astronomical plasmas could explain the flat tangential velocity profiles of spiral galaxies without resort to Cold Dark Matter (CDM) if outward disc flow is present. One of the objectives here is to provide that flow by axial infall and to examine its consequences. But first, if particles are ‘made out of aether’ the associated random aether-charge motion will generate radiation (the CMB) and impose four distance-cumulative, wavelength-independent transmission effects upon electromagnetic waves. One of these – a redshift – we see here as the cosmic redshift, plus intrinsic redshifts in stellar and galaxy ‘atmospheres’. Such a redshift appears to have been reliably observed with caesium clocks over long ground-level paths in 1968 but, lacking an appreciation of its mechanism, its wide significance was doubted. In fact, our extrapolation to intergalactic conditions dispenses with the BigBang. The other 3 transmission effects are:- spectral line broadening, scattering and attenuation, each of which has significant astronomical/cosmological expression. If the cosmic redshift is not a velocity, the reason for Dark Energy vanishes. In the resulting no-expansion cosmology the Universe was originally equipped with randomly moving aether, from whose motion and energy content the entire mass content of the Universe has grown over time by auto-creation, the local rate of which experiences positive feedback and acceleration as gravitational accumulations drive energy levels higher. Hence the clumpiness of galaxy distributions. The infall of cosmogonally young material from the auto-creation auras of clusters has 3 major implications. (1) It completely inverts the Big Bang perspective that lowmetallicity material, widespread in galaxy haloes, is very ancient. (2) Quasi-axial infall of such broadly neutral material (mostly H) onto a Spiral will spread out in the galactic plane, driven radially from the ionizing bulge by the G-E field, maintaining constant tangential velocity; all without CDM. This pattern means that the arms, although trailing, are actually being blown outward (unwrapping). See Paper I for detail. For such ongoing disruption of Spirals to prevail so widely means that originally each must have started life as an a.m.-conserving, tightly-wound spiral of mostly neutral, cosmogonically young material (mainly H), in which G-E field action was minimal until star formation and ionization had set in. (3) In cluster interiors, other cluster members may deflect the two infall streams as they converge onto a Spiral, introducing a dynamical rotational couple near the centre, with an axis roughly in the galactic plane, to produce a Barred Spiral. Cessation of infall then results in endwise collapse of that bar, yielding a fattened Elliptical. Those are indeed typically concentrated in the centres of clusters and show a dearth of active star formation, consistent with being deprived of young infall. We present images and diagrams in support and elaboration of (2) and (3). The CT model for quasars provides large intrinsic redshift by the CT analogue of Transverse Doppler Effect and offers light-element synthesis by the evolutionary precipitation of a runaway rotational shrinkage, with mass annihilation and emission of a GRB. Of special interest, relative to the arm’s-length nature of BigBang cosmology, is that continuous auto-creation (CAC) cosmology is in principle available near-by for direct study and the development of strong observational constraints. In the context of (1), the very low metallicity (Pop II) of globular (star) clusters abundantly present in the haloes of galaxies points to them being (infallen?) local concentrations of quite young auto-creation. In that case the ‘blue straggler’ stars more recently formed in their core regions may be our youngest examples of ongoing auto-creation. In summary, CT offers a much more directly observable Universe, with no Big Bang, CDM, or Dark Energy, and a CMB that records the true temperature of intergalactic space along the path taken by the radiation. Its closely cavity-radiation character arises from the random aether’s transmission-related opacity (Olbers’ Paradox) of the infinite CT Universe. Fundamentally, the aether’s random motion constitutes all-penetrating random electromagnetic excitation at the atomic scale that may offer the accommodation between classical physics and stochastic quantum electrodynamics so long obstructed by Relativity Theory.