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The abnormal cell exit of apoptosis from S-phase, correlation between apoptosis and Mg, and between its S-phase fraction and Zn were studied in inoculated Sarcoma-180 receiving 10 or 20 Gy of ⁶⁰Co gamma ray, IN VIVO, in BALB/c mice.

The apoptosis and S-phase fraction were detected by double immunostaining: 1) TUNEL that colors apoptosis brown; and 2) histone H3 mRNA probe that results in blue deposition to S-phase of cells. The concentrations of Mg and Zn were studied by PIXE.

The Mg strongly correlated with the frequency of apoptosis, but other kinds of cells did not. On the contrary, The S-phase fraction of apoptosis did not correlated with Zn, but S-phase of other kinds of cells did. This different correlation suggests the different metabolism between apoptosis and other kinds of cell.

Cerebral vasospasm is a characteristic complication after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and the onset of vasospasm is a very important factor to decide the patient's outcome. Though various causal factors have been proposed for cerebral vasospasm after SAH, none of them explain the whole pathomechanism of vasospasm. To evaluate the role of trace elements in vasospasm, we have examined the sequential change in element concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after SAH by PIXE, and have investigated the relation between trace elements and vasospasm. We obtained the CSF samples from cisternal drainage of 17 patients with SAH who underwent radical surgery within 48 hours from the onset. The drainage was placed into basal cisterns at the end of the operation. Three sampling times (3-5, 7-9 and 12-14 days from the onset) were scheduled, because vasospasm is likely to occur from day 4 through day 14 after the onset. Cerebral angiograms were performed to classify vasospasm on day 1 and 7 after the onset. We measured 29 elements in the CSF and focused on Ca and Mg levels in this study, since Ca-influx into the smooth muscle cells is a principal mechanism of muscle contraction, and the competition between Ca and Mg is closely related to the muscle contraction. We found a significantly lower levels of Mg in the CSF of patients with vasospasm on days 7-9 after the onset. These results suggest that Mg in the CSF possibly ameliorate vasoconstriction due to Ca in the pathomechanism of vasospasm.

A wet solid-state method was used in this work to produce ${\mathrm{\text{Ba}}}_{0.97}{\mathrm{\text{Bi}}}_{0.02}{\mathrm{\text{TiO}}}_3$–${\mathrm{\text{Ba}}}_{1-x}{\mathrm{\text{Mg}}}_x{\mathrm{\text{Sn}}}_{0.02}{\mathrm{\text{Ti}}}_{0.98}{\mathrm{\text{O}}}_3$ materials. By using core-shell structure nanocubic ${\mathrm{\text{Ba}}}_{1-x}{\mathrm{\text{Mg}}}_x{\mathrm{\text{Sn}}}_{0.02}{\mathrm{\text{Ti}}}_{0.98}{\mathrm{\text{O}}}_3$ (BMST) decorated ${\mathrm{\text{Ba}}}_{0.97}{\mathrm{\text{Bi}}}_{0.02}{\mathrm{\text{TiO}}}_3$ (BBT) assemblies, a composite capacitor with improved dielectric constant and enhanced breakdown strength was successfully fabricated in contrast with the composite ferroelectric ${\mathrm{\text{Ba}}}_{0.97}{\mathrm{\text{Bi}}}_{0.02}{\mathrm{\text{TiO}}}_3$–${\mathrm{\text{BaSn}}}_{0.02}{\mathrm{\text{Ti}}}_{0.98}{\mathrm{\text{O}}}_3$ (BBT–BST) ceramic. With increasing Mg content, the ceramic capacitors display a stronger performance in its dielectric behavior. The best dielectric properties were obtained in the composition $x$ = 0.007 with the dielectric constant above 65,000. The dielectric strength of the ceramics was measured by a withstanding voltage tester. The best dielectric strength was achieved in the composition $x$ = 0.007 with $E$ = 5.455 kV/mm.