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Microcontrollers represent unavoidable parts of state-of-the-art system-on-chips (SoCs) and they are widely embedded as IP blocks. This paper describes design steps and the application of available low-power techniques, to the design of a microcontroller IP core with 8051 instruction set, based on a prescribed standard cell libraries. Choice of the technology node and the cell library supplier is a design challenge that was considered and conclusions reached. The necessary steps of microcontroller design flow are presented which enable power reduction at several abstraction levels. An optimal microcontroller was designed to be embedded in various SoCs. The goal was to get energy-efficient microcontroller operation in applications which don't require intensive data processing. The impact of technology scaling on microcontroller energy efficiency is considered by comparison of the results obtained from implementations in three standard cell technologies. Moreover, power dissipation models are created which allow for microcontroller's power estimation in low throughput sensors networks applications.

This work presents novel discrete-time chaotic systems with some known physical system nonlinearities. Dynamic behaviors of the models are examined with numerical methods and Arduino microcontroller-based experimental studies. Many new chaotic maps are generated in the form of $x(k+1)=rx(k)+f(x(k))$ and high-dimensional chaotic systems are obtained by weak coupling or cross-coupling the same or different chaotic maps. An application of the chaotic maps is realized with Arduino for chaotic pulse width modulation to drive electrical machines. It is expected that the new chaotic maps and their microcontroller implementations will facilitate practical chaos-based applications in different fields.

Previous studies have shown that cyclic neural networks which have no autoexcitation and are unidirectional cannot generate chaos. Inspired by this finding, the present paper constructs a new memristive neural network composed of three nodes connected by the simplest circular loop, whose synaptic weights are replaced by hyperbolic memristors. The memristive neural network can generate chaos via period-doubling bifurcation, and generate different stable and periodic states with the variation of parameters. Another remarkable feature of the new memristive neural network is that it coexists with point and periodic attractors, periodic and chaotic attractors from different initial conditions. Detailed dynamic analysis and circuit implementation are given to illustrate the existence of chaos and coexisting attractors, which gives a positive answer to the interesting question whether chaos can occur in neural network with the simplest cyclic connections.

This paper presents the development of a three-channel telemetry system using Microchip rfPIC12F675 as transmitter and using rfRXD0420 as receiver. The highly integrated radio frequency IC chip features the system which is simple in structure, compact in size and low in power consumption. Using 3V power supply for the transmitter, the system is able to transmit low amplitude signal from 8 m to more than 50 m with power consumption as low as 10 mW. The biotelemetry system can be used in human or animal bio-signal acquisition and monitoring.

Noise pollution in an urban environment is an issue of serious concern in the major cities of India. There are various factors that contribute to the increase of noise levels in urban areas. The intensity of traffic is one of the factors which contributes to a drastic increase in environmental noise. The management of noise pollution has to be considered in the decision making process. In this paper, an attempt is made to study the existing noise level due to the traffic in Velachery which is declared as a sensitive area by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF). The noise level data is collected using the MS6710 digital sound meter. The Custic simulation software version 3.2 is used for finding the propagation of noise. The spatial patterns of measurement were also calculated, in the sub-urban area of Velachery, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. A means of transmitting this data to vehicles moving in the area, through a wireless medium is simulated using NCTUns 6.0 (network simulator), to enable drivers to understand the environmental conditions. A hardware was also designed which can be used to transmit and receive the noise data using the Zigbee module. A noise transmitting station is placed at a junction, so that it can transmit this noise data to the receivers which are fitted inside the vehicles.

Machine condition monitoring plays an important role in machining performance. A machine condition monitoring system will provide significant economic benefits when applied to machine tools and machining processes. By applying Taguchi design method, real-time pilot experimental study was conducted on a CNC machining center for monitoring the end mill cutting operations through the vibration data collection via a microcontroller-based data acquisition system. Featured machining signals were identified through data analyses and regression models were established that incorporates different combinations of featured machining signals and machining parameters in using logistic regression modeling approach. The onsite tests show that the developed logistic models including the featured machining signals can correctly distinguish worn and new cutting tools. Therefore, they can help construct decision-making mechanism for machine condition monitoring.

An Electrogastrography (EGG) recorder is proposed in this paper. This recorder consists of a microcontroller, an interfacing circuit for the RS-232, amplifiers and filters for signal conditioning, and a control program for EGG acquisition. An EGG signal, filtered between 0.015 and 0.5 Hz, was used to evaluate the performance of this system. The results suggest that this system is useful both in the hardware circuits and in the analyzing software. The complete system is versatile and cheap. Thus, it will be helpful for other laboratories with limited financial budget. Furthermore, circuits are described in detail for this purpose.

LabVIEW has complete development and compiler environment, so the display, saved and transmission interface, etc. are compiled by LabVIEW software in this study. LabVIEW and microcontroller can be integrated for the platform of ion concentration measurement, as well as the acquisition of sensing signal can be obtained via microcontroller. Moreover, the pCl and pH value can be separated in platform of ion concentration measurement. Besides, the platform of ion concentration measurement is measured in pCl2 standard solution, the results are between pCl1.83 and pCl2.08. Hence, the platform of ion concentration measurement has been successfully realized.

The cornerstone of the Indian economy is the agricultural sector. A large percentage of individuals around the world — more than 40% — have agriculture as their primary line of employment. The advancement of autonomous vehicles in agriculture has gained considerable spotlight in recent years. Soil quality is unaltered by robotization, which also significantly reduces manpower expenses and boosts overall productivity. The machinery described in this project is proficient at performing several farming operations at once. An environmentally safe source of energy is utilized by this equipment: Energy from the sun’s radiation is accumulated and transformed into electrical energy, and a direct current motor then transforms this electrical power into mechanical power to rotate an anchor during a digging operation. For irrigation operations and seed sowing, respectively, we deploy seed hoppers and water reservoirs. The machine can change its course and maneuver over varied ground contours, excavate, sow seed, and water the ground. It also decreases the expense of planting seeds and the manpower required.