Narrow Results

Coexpressed genes are tentatively translated into proteins that are involved in similar biological functions. Here, we constructed gene coexpression networks from collected microarray data of the organisms Arabidopsis thaliana, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Escherichia coli. Their degree distributions show the common property of an overrepresentation of highly connected nodes followed by a sudden truncation. In order to analyze this behavior, we present an evolutionary model simulating the genetic evolution. This model assumes that new genes emerge by duplication from a small initial set of primordial genes. Our model does not include the removal of unused genes but selective pressure is indirectly taken into account by preferentially duplicating the old genes. Thus, gene duplication represents the emergence of a new gene and its successful establishment. After a duplication event, all genes are slightly but iteratively mutated, thus altering their expression patterns. Our model is capable of reproducing global properties of the investigated coexpression networks. We show that our model reflects the mean inter-node distances and especially the characteristic humps in the degree distribution that, in the biological examples, result from functionally related genes.

As an important grain base in China, the Northeast plays an important role in agricultural production. This paper hopes to analyze the industrial transformation in the northeast, select a series of indicators by AHP, and consider the impact of local agricultural capital investment on the provincial level of agricultural industry transformation through the super-efficiency SBM-DEA model. The results show that although the technical efficiency of agricultural transformation in Northeast China is high, there is a problem of insufficient scale efficiency. The relatively small scale of investment has a greater negative impact on the development of agricultural transformation in the region.

The development of Web applications requires a variety of tasks, some of them involving aesthetic and cognitive aspects. As a consequence, there is a need for appropriate models and methodologies which allow the heterogeneus members of hypermedia projects to effectively communicate and guide them during the development process. In this chapter, we describe some hypermedia models and methodologies proposed for the development of hypermedia applications.

Traffic accidents have become a more and more important factor to restrict the development of economy and affect the safety of human. Gray System quests for the inner relation through the original data, this is an approach to find out the rule of data through other data. Highway traffic accident forecasting model based on Gray System uses some original data, through theory of Gray System, processing the data and modeling GM (1,1). Through the validation of actual data, error of GM (1,1) is minor, it can be used in actual forecasting.

This chapter gives an overview of various ventricular assist devices with a particular focus on axial flow pumps. Using the Hemopump as an example, we developed a model of a canine circulatory system assisted by an axial flow pump, and used computer simulation to predict the effects of the assist device under various hemodynamic conditions. In general, the results from the simulation are in good agreement with that observed in clinical and animal experiments. The same model is further used to explore the techniques and strategy for optimum control of the assist device by introducing an objective function, and choosing suitable membership functions with associated weighting factors, the model offers great flexibility in choosing the targeted hemodynamic variables, in specifying the particular way that each of these variables is to be optimized, and in assigning the relative importance of each targeted variable. The methods used and the results obtained in this study can be incorporated into the design of an advanced physiological controller for a long-term operation of the axial flow pump-based assist device as well as other types of continuous-flow LVAD.

Model and simulation study is the starting point for engineering design and development, especially for developing vehicle control systems. This paper presents a methodology to develop models for application of smart struts for vehicle suspension control development. The modeling approach is based on decomposition of the testing data. Per the strut functions, the data is dissected according to both control and physical variables. Then the data sets are characterized to represent different aspects of the strut working behaviors. Next different mathematical equations can be built and optimized to best fit the corresponding data sets, respectively. In this way, the model optimization can be facilitated in comparison to a traditional approach to find out a global optimum set of model parameters for a complicated nonlinear model from a series of testing data. Finally, two struts are introduced as examples for this modeling study: magneto-rheological (MR) dampers and compressible fluid (CF) based struts. The model validation shows that this methodology can truly capture macro-behaviors of these struts.

The management level of a metallurgy enterprise is closely relate to Internal logistics operation and control. It is required to specially investigate the optimizing methods of metallurgy business. This paper employs the thoughts of supply chain management and the methods of logistics system analysis and modeling, set up the three optimizing index system which include the logistics oriented technical economic index system and the index system of logistics oriented plan optimization and product structure tree. The meaning of every index system and computing method of some index system were explained and provided. The optimization of entire enterprise internal supply chain should be carried out by combining with the three index systems. Optimizing effect was simulated through computer. Additionally, as for the optimization model of logistics oriented plan, it is necessary to provide scientific production logistics control and trace technology to match with it. In a word, method and theory discussed in the paper has practical instruction sense to improve operating capacity of internal supply chain, reduce the enterprise logistics cost in iron and steel enterprise.

In view of importance of well-understood semantics for knowledge representation systems, various semantical views for default logic and it's variants have been presented. But they are different each other in form. This paper provides a semantical framework, which supports a uniform model theoretic semantics for Reiter's default logic, Lukaszewicz and Brewka's variants of default logic.

Droughts are severe meteorological disasters in China, and more comprehensive evaluation methods for droughts can provide a reliable reference for policy-making in reducing the impact of droughts. The existing methods of drought evaluation are lacking universally, and cannot be used generally. Based on the theory of Variable Fuzzy Sets, a comprehensive drought evaluation model is proposed to solve the problem. The methodology for the proposed solution is written in this paper and is applied in the Qucun Yellow River Irrigation Region. The results have shown that the model is not only reasonable and feasible, but also simple and practical. The model and its methods can provide academic support and serve as reference for policy-making for the comprehensive evaluation of droughts in the North Region of China.

With the rapid development of information technology and the wide application of electronic devices, the electromagnetic environment becomes more complex, external electromagnetic pulse may interfere with the electronic device at any time, affecting its normal work. Therefore, the electromagnetic pulse effect evaluation of electronic equipment is particularly important. In this paper, the complex electronic equipment system is like a “black box”. It introduces the minimum phase method, regarding the electronic equipment systems to satisfy the condition of minimum phase signal transmission system. Its system impulse response can be obtained by measuring its input and output signals, and then to predict the electromagnetic pulse waveform of the equipment. In the experiment, the effect of the predicted waveform is verified.

Analysis and application about large data of crop Breeding, was not pure was a kind of technology evolution, but changed to mining and analysis large data of crop breeding use multiple granularity, multi-level and multi-channel analysis model and tools. According to the existing situation, this paper from the perspective of data integration, tool integration, method integration, put forward an model, it definition and description data and tools in the process analysis and application about large data of crop breeding, and then, set up a basic agent model frame structure, reasonably and effectively integrate all kinds of data and tools, so as to realize intelligent coordination, reasonable scheduling, the purpose of further improve the joint study, analysis mining.

With respect to the common used recognition methods for driving intention, there is a lack of effective means to apply the recognition results to calculate shift schedule which can reflect the driving style. This paper demonstrates a recognition method of driving intention which can be used to optimize the shift schedule and can also reflect the driving style of individual driver. Combined with the operation experience from excellent drivers, the relationship model between the engine speed, the throttle opening, the change rate of throttle opening and the driver’s shifting performance expectations has been established and quantified using fuzzy logic. The simulation results show that the recognition results of the model are consistent with the driving habits of experienced drivers. The method overcomes the limitation of the current shift schedule of the vehicles with automatic transmission which mainly considers a single best performance, and meanwhile makes the gear schedule be more personalized.

Using Newton’s second law of motion $\sum \stackrel{\rightharpoonup }{F}=d\stackrel{\rightharpoonup }{p}/dt=m\stackrel{\rightharpoonup }{a}$, the inertial mass m = E_o / c² is derived for a resting electron proposed to be composed of a circling spin-½ charged photon of energy E_o and circling momentum P_o = E_o / c. In this view, the inertia of a particle is not due to “vis inertiae” or an “inertial force” within matter that resists acceleration, as Newton proposed. Rather, the inertial mass of an elementary particle of matter is due to the momentum of a circling photon-like object composing the particle. The particle’s inertial mass is calculated as the time rate of change of the momentum vector of a circling photon-like object composing the particle, divided by the associated centripetal acceleration of the circling photon-like object. A transluminal energy quantum model of the proposed spin-½ charged photon is introduced.

A photon is modeled by an uncharged transluminal energy quantum (TEQ) moving at c sqrt(2) along an open 45-degree helical trajectory with radius R=Lambda/2pi, (where Lambda is the helical pitch or wavelength of the photon). A transluminal spatial model of an electron is composed of a charged pointlike transluminal energy quantum circulating at an extremely high frequency of 2.5 x 10²⁰ hz in a closed, double-looped helical trajectory whose helical pitch or wavelength is one Compton wavelength h/mc. The transluminal energy quantum has energy and momentum but not rest mass, so its speed is not limited by c. The TEQ’s speed is superluminal 57% of the time and subluminal 43% of the time, passing through c twice in each trajectory cycle. The TEQ’s maximum speed in the electron’s rest frame is 2.516 c and its minimum speed is c/sqrt(2), or .707 c . The electron model’s helical trajectory parameters are selected to produce the electron’s spin hbar/2 and approximate (without small QED corrections) magnetic moment ehbar/2m (the Bohr magneton) as well as its Dirac equation-related “jittery motion” (zitterbewegung) angular frequency 2mc²/hbar, amplitude hbar/2mc and internal speed c. The two possible helicities of the electron model correspond to the electron and the positron. With these models, an electron is like a closed circulating photon. The electron’s inertia is proposed to be related to the electron model’s circulating internal momentum mc.

São Paulo is the pioneer Brazilian state in transplantation surgery. The Brazilian model for organ sharing has developed a system that prioritizes liver transplantion (LT) for patients who have the highest risk of wait-list mortality. In this paper we present a brief review of the application of mathematical models to the problem of how to improve the speed with which patients with liver failure can receive a liver graft and how alternative criteria for prioritizing patients in the waiting list can be proposed.

The construction of generation scheduling optimization model has important theoretical and practical value for rich and development of power system optimization scheduling theory, and for promotion of power system safety and energy conservation. In the background of China's energy shortage, using interruptible load in power generation scheduling optimization can ease the power supply tension, improve the system security, and optimize the operation of power grid, so it lays the foundation for the promotion of the system reform of electric power. This paper constructs generation scheduling optimization model considering interruptible load and uses GAMS software to solve the proposed optimization model under the participation of interruptible load. The result shows that interruptible load can effectively reduce the load curve in the peak period, which provides spare larger space for the random grid.

This paper introduces the application of the urban taxi ownership forecasting algorithm based on chaotic neural networks. The details of the entire process of its application to urban taxi ownership forecasting algorithm of a certain city are described, including selection and processing of study objects, chaotic characteristics of time series judgment, establishing and training of networks, and the final results of the simulation. The practical shows that the method can make reasonable short-term prediction, provides reasonable theoretical basis to urban taxi development scale.

The communication network simulation model is researched based on ODK. It develops the self-defined simulation model interface of communication network in Chinese. It designs the function of simulation model with three modules as simulation scene configuration module, node property configuration module, simulation running configuration and control module. Then the simulation model is development based on ODK in order to analyze the network performance. The wired network and satellite network simulation scenes are built by the self-defined simulation models based on ODK. Then the network performance is analyzed by simulation.

Implementation of trans-regional water transfer is facing a series of problems. First of all, scheduling and management of water resources involves how to determination of water resources quantity and how to realize the maximum benefit of water resources. On the one hand, water transfer cannot influence the use of water and public interests in water division area. On the other hand, water diversion should meet demand of intake area without causing waste of water resources, so as to improve the comprehensive benefit of cross-regional water transfer project. This paper studies the calculation model of harmonious water price, and how to use AHP to confirm the weight of the weight coefficient of water diversion area and the intake area. By analyzing the composition of the water price of Dong-shen water supply project, according to the harmony coefficient, decision-making price of water and affordable price of HK people, reasonable water price has been calculated.

Arable lands are a nation's and a region's very base of food security. It is therefore hardly surprising that the model for computing arable land pressure index has drawn increasing attentions in recent years. This paper elucidates the two major issues associated with the existing arable pressure index model, i.e. the difficulty in the computation of multiple-cropping index and issue of the steep sloping cropland either greater than or equal to 25° in the arable land base in a given mountainous area, and based on which, presents and makes a general analysis of the two improved models suggested by some Chinese scholars in recent years. An empirical comparative analysis is conducted by taking Yunnan, a mountainous border province in southwest China, as an illustrative example, and finally, concludes that the Improved Model I has successfully solved the difficulty in the computation of multiple-cropping index with the existing model. The Improved Model II is able to provide a real solution that is more suitable, feasible, and almost universal for most mountainous areas, as slopes steeper than 25° are completely excluded from the arable land base of a given mountainous area in this model. The computations show that the Improved Model II can produce a much more objective result, especially for mountainous areas where slopes steeper than 25° account for a large percentage of arable lands therein.