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In this work, the nanocarriers were synthesized utilizing the water/oil/water (W/O/W) emulsifying method to deliver Curcumin. A cutting-edge hydrogel nanocomposite, resulting from the fusion of Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), Agarose (Aga) and Molybdenum disulfide (MoS${}_2)$, presents groundbreaking ph-responsive solutions for drug delivery, with a focus on the controlled release of Curcumin (Cur), a robust element demonstrating exceptional prowess in neutralizing malignant cells. Incorporating MoS₂ into the CMC-modified Aga hydrogel introduces distinctive attributes that are amplified by the addition of Span 80 surfactant. This combination results in the creation of strong niosomal microemulsions, which helps Cur stay in the body longer. Adding hazelnut oil helps to make the microemulsion smaller without changing its round shape. FT-IR spectroscopy and XRD techniques were utilized in order to examine the microemulsions. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) tests showed that there are tiny particles in the nanocarriers. They are about 171.25 nm in size on average and have a PDI of 0.31. The round shape of the tiny particles was confirmed by looking at them with a special microscope called SEM. The zeta potential analysis showed that there is a positive charge on the surface, which is about 80.4 mV. Surprisingly, the drug was able to be loaded at 48% efficiency, with an entrapment efficiency of 86.75%, exceeding the previously reported values. Researchers tested how well Cur-loaded nanoparticles can kill cancer cells and also looked for any harmful effects on A549 and L929 cells. This discovery shows that using tiny carriers could be a good way to treat cancer.

This study delves into the exploration of hybrid nanofluids within the context of a stretching cylinder, a domain that has captivated numerous researchers owing to its pivotal applications in industrial manufacturing processes, particularly in metal forming and stretch dies. The authors, recognizing the significance of these applications, have introduced a novel heat transfer fluid termed hybrid nanofluid, comprising molybdenum disulfide and carbon nanotubes suspended in the base liquid, water. The investigation focuses on the flow of the hybrid nanofluid within a stretching cylinder, considering various influential factors such as Joule heating, thermal radiation, porous medium, and magnetic field effects. To model this complex problem, we employed modified Navier–Stokes equations. Employing similarity transformations, assumptions, and non-dimensional parameters, the problem was effectively simplified. The MATLAB bvp4c technique, a well-established numerical approach, was then employed to solve the resulting mathematical formulation. Graphical representations are presented to illustrate various aspects of the flow, facilitating a comprehensive understanding of the system. Comparisons are drawn among the flow characteristics of mono nanofluid, and the developed hybrid nanofluid. It is noted from the current analysis that the temperature strength increases with higher values of the magnetic field parameter, curvature parameter, radiation parameter, and Eckert number in both fluid cases. The Nusselt number increases with higher values of Prandtl number and thermal relaxation parameter. The identified patterns in velocity distribution, temperature strength, and fluid behavior provide a valuable foundation for optimizing thermal efficiency in diverse industrial applications. By leveraging the insights gained from this research, manufacturers can make informed decisions to enhance heat transfer processes, particularly in areas such as metal forming and stretch dies.

To obtain high performance optoelectronic devices, ferroelectric materials have received a lot of attention due to the various emerging effects on channel materials induced by the ferroelectric polarization. In this work, a special photodetector with the channel material of a triple-layer MoS₂ on a polarized LiNbO₃ substrate was fabricated. The device has a high responsivity of 113.1A/W and a high specific detectivity of up to $7.286\times 10^{12}$ Jones under red illumination, while maintaining the rise and fall time of 32 and 22ms, respectively. Meanwhile, the dark current of this device can be as low as $2.66\times 10^{-11}$A with a bias of 5.0V because the channel material MoS₂ is almost depleted under the internal electrical field induced by the polarized LiNbO₃. This work promises a feasible way for the future development of integrated high-sensitivity photodetectors.

The photoelectrochemical cell attracts attention worldwide due to conversion of optical energy into electricity, production of hydrogen through water splitting and use in photodetector and photo-sensor applications. We have been working on the photochemical cell based on regioregular polyhexylthiophenes hybrid-structured films for photoelectrochemical and photovoltaic applications. This paper discusses the hybrid film studies on regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) with 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) for photoelectrochemical cell. The hybrid P3HT/MoS₂ films deposited over indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass plate or n-type silicon substrates were characterized using FTIR, UV/vis, electrochemical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The optical measurements showed a higher absorption magnitude with low reflection properties of P3HT/MoS₂ hybrid films revealing a superior photocurrent compared to both P3HT and MoS₂ films. The P3HT/MoS₂ hybrid-based photoelectrochemical cell yielded a short-circuit current ($I_{\mathrm{\text{sc}}}$) of 183.16$\mu \mathrm{\text{A}}\cdot {\mathrm{\text{cm}}}^{-2}$, open-circuit voltage ($V_{\mathrm{\text{oc}}}$) of 0.92V, fill factor (FF) of 25% and power conversion efficiency ($\eta$) of 0.18% under the light intensity of 242W$\cdot {\mathrm{\text{m}}}^{-2}$. The estimated power conversion efficiency and fill factor are comparable to organic-based photovoltaic devices.

Molybdenum disulfide is a successful solid lubricant because of its cleavage of the basal plane at the time of sliding, which helps to retain the lubrication nature in order to reduce wear and to maintain frictional stability. Thus the present study deals with the development of copper-free brake pads using molybdenum disulfide that possesses different grades based on the particle size, namely, technical (coarse), fine and superfine. The brake pads were developed using conventional manufacturing processes and characterized for its physical, chemical, thermal and mechanical properties as per industrial standards. Thermal stability was measured for the varying ingredients and the developed composites using thermogravimetric analyzer instrument. The tribological studies were done using Chase testing following IS2742 Part-4 standards. The results showed that coarse-sized (technical grade) molybdenum disulfide-based brake pads possess better thermal stability with good fade and recovery characteristics in turn leading to less wear when compared with the other two composites. This is because of its better heat dissipation and superior lubricating nature. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive analysis were helpful in studying the wear behavior of the Chase-tested brake friction composite samples.

The nonlinear refractive index of large area monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) thin film at the 1,550nm wavelength band is determined using time-resolved z-scan technique. MoS₂ exhibits positive nonlinear phase shift with a large nonlinear refractive index, $n_2$ value of $1.40\times 10^{-13}{\mathrm{\text{m}}}^2{\mathrm{\text{W}}}^{-1}$. The obtained value is similar to the $n_2$ value of monolayer MoS₂ film measured at 2.0$\mu$m, and is approximately five and seven orders of magnitude larger than silicon and common bulk dielectrics. The large $n_2$ indicates that MoS₂ can be used as nonlinear refractive 2D material for photonics applications operating in the 1,550nm optical telecommunications wavelength band.

Various cutting fluids are available in the cutting fluid market to provide good machining performances for metal cutting industries. Incidentally, most of the cutting fluids are synthetic and semisynthetic in nature, and although they are beneficial to the industries, they are posing health and environmental issues. Even if these cutting fluids have sufficient properties required for good machining, the major constraints associated with these fluids are their nature of nonbiodegradability and nonfriendliness to the environment. To overcome these difficulties, intense research is carried out to develop biodegradable and effective cutting fluids. In this research, a novel castor oil-based cutting fluid infused with nanomolybdenum (MoS₂) particles has been developed and its various machining properties have been investigated. Various important cutting parameters like surface roughness, tool life, and cutting force were investigated using this newly developed biodegradable nanofluid as a cutting fluid. Comparative experimental studies have also been undertaken with sunflower oil blend and conventional synthetic oil. Observed results validated that the newly developed castor oil-based nanofluid improves the surface finish and tool life by minimizing the cutting force developed to the considerable extent.

MoS₂ films on sapphire and SiO₂/Si substrates were fabricated by sulfurization of sputtered Mo precursor films at 900^∘C in a two-zone furnace. Structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of the films were determined. The films of MoS₂ were successfully grown on the substrates with polycrystalline structures and proposed to be used in electro-optical devices.

We introduce a two-step hydrothermal and microwave method to prepare novel SnO₂/MoS₂ composites. The as-prepared samples are well characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The experimental results indicate that the SnO₂/MoS₂ composites are composed of MoS₂ nanosheets and ultrafine SnO₂ nanoparticles with mean size of 3–4nm which are well-distributed and anchored on the surface of MoS₂ nanosheets. The resultant composites demonstrate prominently improved electrochemical performances, which could be attributed to the unique and robust microstructures and synergetic effect between MoS₂ and SnO₂.

A nano-MoS₂/montmorillonite K-10 (K10) composite was prepared and characterized. The composite contains two types of 2H-MoS₂ nanoparticles. One is the hollow spherical MoS₂ with a size range of 75nm, and the other is the spherical nano cluster of MoS₂ with a size range of 30nm. The two kinds of nano-MoS₂ were formed via assembly of numerous MoS₂ nano-platelets with a size of $\sim 10$nm. A tribological comparison was then made among nano-MoS₂/K10, K10, nano-MoS₂ and a mechanical mixture of K10 and nano-MoS₂. K10 reduced the wear but slightly increased the friction. Nano-MoS₂ remarkably reduced both friction and wear. The mechanical mixture demonstrated better wear resistance than nano-MoS₂, indicating a synergistic anti-wear effect of nano-MoS₂ and K10. The synergistic effect was reinforced using nano-MoS₂/K10 instead of the mechanical mixture. A part of the MoS₂ in the contact region always lubricated the friction pair, and the rest formed a tribofilm. K10 segregated the friction pair to alleviate the ablation wear but magnified the abrasive wear. S-MoS₂ protects K10 and they together function as both a lubricant and an isolating agent to reduce the ablation and abrasive wear.

In this work, the 3D porous hierarchical MoS₂ nanostructures were prepared via a simple hydrothermal deposition method only utilizing titanium (Ti) mesh as a substrate. The as-synthesized uniform MoS₂ flower-like nanostructures were assembled by nanosheets composed of several stacking layers. The curved and rough surface of cylindrical Ti wire was beneficial to assembly of MoS₂ nanosheets into hierarchical architectures. Moreover, the electrochemical performance of the as-prepared MoS₂ nanostructured electrodes for capacitors was also investigated. The structural advantages lead to a remarkably improved pseudocapacitive property including high capacitance and durable cycling ability.

In this work, a MoS₂-based binder-free electrode has been fabricated via a simple hydrothermal deposition approach. In this electrode, the MoS₂ nanosheets are orderly assembled and immobilized on macroporous titanium (Ti) mesh with exposed active sites for Li-storage. The Ti mesh with a 3D porous network provides a stable skeleton and large surface area for loading MoS₂ nanosheets. Meanwhile, the intimate contact with conductive Ti mesh facilitates fast charge transfer in the electrode reactions. When applied as an anode in lithium-ion battery, the binder-free electrode exhibits a greatly promoted Li-storage property, including desirable cycling durability and superior rate capability.

Discharging industrial wastewater containing dyes and antibiotics will irreversibly damage the overall environment and human health and prosperity. In this study, magnetic Fe₃O₄ and MoS₂ were loaded on biomass activated carbon (BAC) using co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods, respectively, to obtain MoS₂ functionalized magnetic biomass activated carbon (MoS₂-mBAC), which was used to remove tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) and crystal violet (CV) in wastewater. A series of characterization methods such as SEM, TEM, FT-IR, XRD, VSM and BET were used. The results showed that MoS₂-mBAC has abundant oxygen-containing functional groups, high magnetic properties, large specific surface area (984.05cm²/g), and MoS₂ nanoflowers with a graphene-like structure. Moreover, the whole adsorption process was endothermic, which can be well fitted by pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity for TC and CV at the optimum pH reached 286.53mg/g and 568.18mg/g. Compared to BAC and mBAC, the adsorption performance of MoS₂-mBAC was greatly improved. After five cycles, the removal rate was still high. MoS₂-mBAC has broad application prospects in wastewater treatment due to its unique advantages, such as wide source, simple process, good performance and high economical availability.

In this study, we fabricated a composite of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with molybdenum disulfide (MoS${}_2)$ using the laser ablation method for the first time, with different energy levels of 100, 300 and 500mJ. The structural, optical and thermal properties of the composite were investigated using various characterization techniques. The UV–Vis spectra showed a redshift in the absorption edge with the increase in laser energy. The FTIR spectra indicated the presence of functional groups in both PEG and MoS₂, and the characteristic peaks of both components were observed. The refractive index of the composite was found to decrease with an increase in laser energy. TEM images revealed the presence of rod-like and spherical particles with different sizes. The energy gap of the composite was also found to decrease with an increase in laser energy. The high absorption of the composite in the near-visible and visible regions allowed the photodiode to detect light with high sensitivity and accuracy. It is showing that the forward bias current of ($2\times 10^{-3}$Amp) is still relatively low and further optimization of the photodiode design and materials could lead to even higher current values and improved performance. These results suggest that the laser energy has a significant effect on the properties of the PEG–MoS₂ composite. The obtained results demonstrate that the PEG–MoS₂ composite has potential applications in various fields, including solar cells and drug delivery systems.

Fluorine (F)-doped MoS₂ was prepared by F-doping into layered MoS₂ via chemical solution process with fluoroboric acid. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction were applied to conform the effect of F on the structure. The electrochemical performance was investigated by using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic charge/discharge studies. The F-doped MoS₂ as cathode material for rechargeable Mg battery exhibited a good discharge capacity of 55mAhg${}^{-1}$, with a good rate capability and good cycling stability when compared to pristine B-MoS₂. The effective performance of F-doped MoS₂ are attributed to the unique structure and synergetic effect between layered MoS₂.

Carbonized melamine foam (CM) was used as an ideal framework for the in-situ growth of MoS₂ by hydrothermal method. And its hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the catalytic mechanism were explored. By regulating the concentration of the precursor, the stacking pattern of MoS₂ lamella on CM was optimized. And the results show that the sample with a precursor concentration of $2\times 10^{-2}$M possesses the smallest overpotential (218mV @ 10mAcm${}^{-2}$) and its vertical arrayed nanosheets encased on the surface of carbon matrix provide more sites for the absorption of H${}^{+}$ in the electrolyte which accounts for the promotion of hydrogen generation.