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Relatively little has been published on the range of risk factors contributing to musculoskeletal injuries in ambulance officers. This study aims to identify perceived risk factors for back, neck and shoulder musculoskeletal injuries and claims in relation to working conditions, and the physical and psychological demands of the job. This was a cross-sectional study using an internet-based survey in an Australian ambulance service. The survey included demographic questions and questions on psychosocial factors related to the job and the way in which work is organized, musculoskeletal injuries sustained and claims submitted in the previous 12 months; and two open ended questions on perceived risk factors for injury and injury risk mitigation strategies. Ambulance officers who felt they were able to take sufficient breaks were less likely to sustain a back, neck or shoulder musculoskeletal injury, and those who perceived their work required high levels of physical effort were more likely to submit a claim for these injuries. Two important perceived causal factors contributing to musculoskeletal injuries were the uncontrolled environment and non-adherence to manual handling techniques. However, suggested risk mitigation strategies of improving fitness and manual handling training, were not supported by the quantitative analysis.

Introduction: Additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing (3DP), is becoming increasingly available to surgeons throughout the world due to recent advancements in technology. 3D printing can produce complex free-form structures that would be impossible using conventional subtractive manufacturing. This offers the possibility to create implants that are better suited to the irregular anatomic shapes found in the human body. The present study aims to examine the surgical outcomes associated with the use of 3D printed metal implants and uncover the value of 3D printing in musculoskeletal surgery. Methods: A systematic review of published literature was performed in June 2017 using the PRISMA protocol. Online bibliographic databases such as MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and Cochrane were used to identify studies involving surgical implantation of 3D printed metal implants in musculoskeletal surgery. References from relevant studies were scanned for additional articles. Two reviewers independently screened results. Full-text articles were analyzed for eligibility. A total of 24 studies were included for data abstraction. Results were collected and qualitatively analyzed. Results: Of the 25 articles included, there were 17 case reports, 4 case series, 2 retrospective cohorts and 3 prospective cohorts. Of these articles, the majority of 3DP was done with electron beam melting (EBM) with Ti6Al4V. Orthopaedic, neurosurgical, plastic, and maxillofacial surgery articles were included in the review. All studies concluded that 3D printed implants had favourable post-operative outcomes. Some advantages included the reduction of operative time, improved osseointegration through custom implant porosity, improved fixation, decreased stress shielding, better cosmetic appearance, improved functional outcome, and limb salvage. Additional cost and time required to design and print the implants were reported as potential drawbacks to 3D printing. Discussion/Conclusions. The applications of 3D printing in musculoskeletal surgery are promising and have the potential to alter future surgical practice. However, there is a lack of quality research in the literature assessing the use of 3D printed implants. Further research is needed to evaluate the use of 3D printing in musculoskeletal surgery to understand its potential effects on surgical practice.

GE Healthcare Life Sciences take part in Life-Saving, Olivier Loeillot (GM of Bioprocess Asia).

Cennerv Pharma: A Company that Fights Along with Mental Illnesses.

How Can Cord Blood be Used to Save Lives? Life-Saving Mission of SCBB: An Interview with Dr. William Hwang.

An Interview with Mr. Stephen Ooi, Senior Executive Advisor Zimmer Biomet Asia Pacific.

APACMed – Serving Unmet Healthcare Needs in Asia Pacific, Fredrik Nyberg (CEO of APACMed).

Vaccination, One of the Solutions to Prevent Dengue Infection.

MonaLisa Touch^® Advanced Laser Treatment for Better Life Quality.

Musculoskeletal modeling has found wide application in joint biomechanics investigations. This technique has been improved by incorporating subject-specific skeletal elements and passive patellofemoral stabilizers in a dynamic analysis. After trochlear engagement, the volunteers' patellae displaced laterally, whereas tilt was subject specific. Comparison of the tilt and mediolateral position values to in vivo MRI values at 30° knee flexion showed a mean accuracy of 84.4% and 96.9%, respectively. Medial patellofemoral ligament tension decreased with knee flexion, while the patellar tendon–quadriceps tendon ratio ranged from 0.4 to 1.2. The patellofemoral contact load–quadriceps tendon load ratio ranged from 0.7 to 1.3, whereas the mediolateral load component–resultant load ratio ranged from 0 to 0.4. Three validated subject-specific musculoskeletal models facilitated the analysis of patellofemoral biomechanics: Subject-specific patella tracking and passive stabilizer response was analyzed as a function of dynamic knee flexion.

The aim of this experiment was to provide insight into the immediate influence of both semi-custom insoles and knee sleeves in recreational male runners/athletes suffering from patellofemoral pain and also to explore the association between the extent of patellofemoral pain and psychological wellbeing. Experiment 1 examined 17 male recreational runners with patellofemoral pain, in semi-custom insole and no-insole conditions. Experiment 2 examined 13 male recreational athletes with patellofemoral pain, undertaking run, $45^{\circ }$ cut and single-leg hop movements in knee sleeve and no-sleeve conditions. In both experiments, motion capture and ground reaction forces were collected, allowing kinetics and three-dimensional kinematics to be calculated alongside patellofemoral joint loading quantified using musculoskeletal modeling. In both experiments, patellofemoral pain symptoms were examined using the KOOS patellofemoral pain subscale and psychological wellbeing using the COOP-WONCA questionnaire. The findings from both experiments showed that pain symptoms significantly predicted psychological wellbeing ($R^2=0.29$ in experiment 1 and $R^2=0.33$ in experiment 2). Experiment 1 showed that orthoses significantly reduced tibial internal rotation range of motion (no-$\mathrm{\text{insole}}=7.59^{\circ }$ and $\mathrm{\text{insole}}=6.87^{\circ }$) whilst also increasing the peak knee adduction moment (no-$\mathrm{\text{insole}}=1$N$\cdot$m/kg and $\mathrm{\text{insole}}=1.09$N$\cdot$m/kg). The findings from experiment 2 revealed that the knee sleeve reduced the peak patellofemoral force (no-$\mathrm{\text{sleeve}}=3.40$BW and $\mathrm{\text{sleeve}}=3.10$BW) in the run movement and the patellofemoral load rate in the cut movement (no-$\mathrm{\text{sleeve}}=135.18$BW/s and $\mathrm{\text{sleeve}}=111.24$BW/s). Overall, the findings confirm that pain symptoms are predictive of psychological wellbeing in recreational male athletes with patellofemoral pain. Furthermore, the findings suggest that both insoles and knee sleeves may provide immediate biomechanical benefits in recreationally active individuals with patellofemoral pain, although when wearing insoles this may be at the expense of an increased knee adduction moment during running.