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In this research, nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO₂) particles were prepared by a modified alkoxide technique under basic and acidic conditions at room temperatures. A simple method for preparing different morphology of TiO₂ has been developed. The reaction condition was used to control the crystalline size, phase and morphology of the TiO₂ nanostructures. In this process by adjusting the R_w (water to precursor ratio) and pH value the hydrolysis and condensation reactions were controlled. This led to the development of a new process to produce TiO₂ nanorod (for the first time by sol–gel method) at high pH value (basic) while the water content was sufficient whereas at low pH value (acidic) nanosphere TiO₂ were obtained. The powders were characterized by DTA, XRD, FE-SEM and UV–vis techniques and their physical properties were compared.