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Since the economic consequences of a low fertility rate, such as a change in consumption patterns, might affect the path of economic growth, this study investigates how the relationship between the low fertility rate and consumption behavior in Taiwan has changed over time. Using county-level panel data from 1995 to 2014 to examine the impact of the low fertility rate on the consumption behavior of households in Taiwan, the major finding of this study is that a low fertility rate will change the behavior and the composition of consumption. A low fertility rate will increase the share of the total consumption expenditure in a household’s disposable income, in particular, in relation to the consumption categories of food, health care, education, and transportation and communication, but will decrease the share of expenditure on clothing in the household’s disposable income.

This study examines the effects of innovation on productivity of Indian Manufacturing firms. Despite the voluminous literature on this area, the demanding line, i.e., various types of innovation effects on productivity growth, received little attention particularly in the Indian context; hence, our study fills the gap by employing firm-level data from Hyderabad and Bengaluru cities of India from 2011 to 2013. The estimated results confirm the significant impact of innovation on productivity upsurge in Indian manufacturing firms. Further, we investigate the spatial aspects of innovation considering the two cities separately. However, such city-based analysis does not produce any different findings.

In this study, we aimed to identify the main innovation factors that affect the economic performance of emerging countries. We analyzed data on 21 innovation-related variables in six emerging Asian countries (China, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam) from 1990 to 2008. Using principal component analysis (PCA), we identified six factors that explained up to 90.6% of the variation of all of the variables. Taking the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator clustering approach to variable selection, along with the other classification and estimation methods, we explored the effects of the six identified factors on economic growth. Research and development expenditure and contract enforcement (cost) had negative effects on economic growth, whereas gross enrolment ratio (tertiary), primary-school pupil–teacher ratio (inverse), paved roads and number of registered carrier departures worldwide had positive effects on economic growth.

Will environmental regulation have a positive impact on the corporate environmental investment in China? In this paper, environmental regulation intensity is built. Panel regression model and grouping regression are used to verify impact of environmental regulation on corporate environmental investment. In order to measure the environmental regulation has a threshold effect on enterprise environmental investment, this article uses the panel data model created by Hansen (1999). Panel regression results shows that there is a negative correlation between environmental regulation intensity and corporate environmental investment. Grouping regression results show that environmental regulation has a “Threshold Effect” on corporate environmental investment.

The dynamic relationship of employment, wages and income gap of urban residents in China was analyzed by using the panel data model, regarding the eastern, central and western of China as research objects. We selected three indicators, the number of employees at the end of the year, the total wages and the Gene coefficient as explanatory variables and explained variables. The results show that the effect of wages for improving or worsening the income gap is greater than the effect of employment, and the effect of employment for income gap is gradually decreasing, the effect of wages for income gap is increasing from eastern to western of China from 2002 to 2012.