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In this paper, a new multiobjective optimization approach named interactive physical programming is proposed and used to solve the reliability and redundancy apportionment optimization problem. Interactive physical programming extends physical programming⁶ to an interactive framework. After the designer specifies which objectives need to be improved and which objectives can be sacrificed, interactive physical programming can obtain the Pareto solutions satisfying such improving preferences. It has good convergence performance, and can obtain satisfactory design in the end. Interactive physical programming has been successfully applied to a reliability and redundancy apportionment optimization problem. It provides a new effective approach for reliability optimization.

This paper presents a new mathematical framework for the representation and design of enterprise information architectures (EIA), also known as simply enterprise architectures (EA). Set theory is used to represent an EA as an 8-tuple consisting of a set of requirements, a set of business processes, a set of business systems, a set of data elements, a set of applications, a set of technologies, a set of constraints and business rules, and a set of architectural metrics and their values. These sets are then used to represent their respective architectural views, i.e. the Business Process Architectural View, the Business Systems Architectural View, etc. Next, it is shown that these multiple architectural views are all subsets of the same design point in the resource space. Design considerations leading to a Pareto efficient design point are discussed. Finally, the concept of Pareto design optimality is illustrated with one example in aircraft design and one example in database design.