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In this letter, the influence of an applied electric field on a periodic structure composed of alternating layers of DPS (Double Positive index of refraction) and DNG (Double Negative index of refraction) has been studied. We present theoretical and numerical results of our investigation of the reflection spectra of the visible waves on this structure in the presence of an electric field which will cause redistribution of charges and will modify the index of refraction of materials and enable us to control the phase and/or intensity of propagating electromagnetic waves.

This paper describes multi-layer traffic engineering and signaling technologies in the photonic-GMPLS-router (Hikari-Router) network. Multi-layer traffic engineering, which yields the dynamic cooperation of IP and photonic layers, is described with the goal of providing IP services cost-effectively. The establishment of photonic cut-through paths is triggered when the Layer 3 traffic loads become excessive which better uses the optical layer (L1) resources. To realize multilayer traffic engineering, we propose an OSPF extension that advertises both the number of total wavelengths and the number of unreserved wavelengths, and an RSVP-TE extension that minimizes the number of wavelength conversions needed. Networks are reconfigured by the proposed scheme so as to utilize the network resources cost-effectively.