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A major focus among educators is how to enhance the immersion experience for English language learners. Individual subjectivity commonly affects conventional measurements, such as scales and questionnaires, when evaluating learning immersion. With this study, we aim to remove subjectivity by investigating the relationship between learning immersion and physiological signs in English language learners. 165 college students participated in Virtual Reality (VR) enhanced English learning sessions, during which we captured their self-report on immersion and electroencephalogram (EEG) and photoplethysmography (PPG) data. VR was integrated to create an immersive English-speaking environment, and wearable technology recorded physiological reactions were collected. We suggested a hybrid model that combined the Owl Search Algorithm fused Adaptive k-Nearest Neighbor (OSA-AkNN) with remarkable accuracy to assess students’ learning immersion and performance. This method provided superior learning immersion prediction than conventional machine learning models. Our findings provide an innovative approach to improving language immersion through technology by demonstrating the effectiveness of utilizing physiological data to predict students’ English learning immersion experience.

In clinical acupuncture, when acupuncture points are stimulated, several types of reflex responses can be evoked. Consequently, different categories of physiological responses are induced, which include changes in the activities of internal organs and tissues. The acupuncture point Sanyinjiao (SP6) has been used successfully to treat different human gastrointestinal conditions. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of end-organ response induced by acupuncture point SP6 on the bioavailability of the radiopharmaceutical sodium pertechnetate (Na^99mTcO₄) in Wistar rats. Healthy rats were allocated into 2 groups, control-CG and treated-TG. TG was bilaterally stimulated at acupuncture point SP6 with stainless steel needles. Ocular plexus administration of Na^99mTcO₄ (3.7MBq) was carried out 10 min after every needle insertion in all animals. Ten minutes later, the animals were killed, the organs were isolated, the radioactivity was determined in a well gamma counter, and the percentage of injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g) was determined for each organ. The %ID/g was significantly altered (p < 0.05) in the small intestine of TG (0.56 ± 0.09) when compared to CG (0.82 ± 0.18). These results may suggest that this stimulation might induce physiological responses capable of altering the bioavailability of the radiopharmaceutical sodium pertechnetate. These findings aid in providing a better understanding of acupuncture and its effects on various organs and tissues.