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Due to rigid rules, incomplete institutions and concentration on short-run fiscal discipline, economic and institutional diversity and insufficient reforms caused the progressive segmentation of the Eurozone. Insufficient integration process is due to lack of trust among member countries and the need to keep a hard budget constraint of national budgets to avoid uncontrolled inflationary pressure and moral hazard. Although understandable in the short run, this situation is causing serious economic and social costs and damages to the development of vulnerable countries. The paper enquires possible solutions to this dangerous stalemate, that could also provide useful suggestions for other countries.

This paper discusses how interactions between Web services engaged in composition scenarios are analyzed, modeled, and finally managed. Interactions are primarily considered as a means for conveying messages of different natures between separate components, for instance, Web services. To achieve better coordination and hence, avoid conflicts between Web services, in this paper interactions are handled by two layers known as business logic and support. The business-logic layer is the host of two flows known as control and transactional, whereas the support layer is the host of two additional flows namely exception and message. On top of the proposed layers and flows, context and policies are used to oversee the progress of interactions between Web services and to constrain the behavior of these Web services, respectively.

Companies to Need License for Bio-prospecting.

Small Firms Seek More Time to Implement GMP.

Japan Calls for Sustainable Sea Resources.

New Law to Acquire More Kidneys for Transplant.

Feed Producers Want Long-term Policies.

China’s 2002 Pharmaceutical Market.

Punjab Government Plans to Set Up Biotech Board.

Andhra and LIC Join Hands for VC Fund.

Harmful Level of Mercury in Whale Meat.

Korea to Reduce Milk Production.

New Biotech Valley in Malaysia.

Tightened Measures Against Canadian Beef and Related Products Import.

Biotechnology Taskforce Named.

The article is about the types of relationship and the academic freedom, implications of technology transfer and the policies governing conflicts of interest.

The gas-rich nation, Qatar, became the first Middle Eastern country to host the FIFA World Cup in 2022, after beating South Korea, Japan, Australia, and the US. Qatar invested an enormous amount of money in implementing the measures outlined by FIFA and United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the World Cup was included in Qatar’s sustainable Vision 2030. Qatar has gained international support and wants to host more mega-events despite controversies surrounding its FIFA World Cup, including workers’ deaths during infrastructure construction and protests from western athletes, politicians, and media against the Qatari government and FIFA’s ban on LGBT+ symbols and alcohol in the stadium. Qatar’s 2022 FIFA World Cup left a sustainable legacy by following ESG principles. This paper analysed how FIFA 2022 applies SDGs, ESG, and Islamic principles and their managerial implications. We concluded with lessons to be learnt from FIFA 2022 and Qatar’s investments in green infrastructure, sustainable mobility, and carbon offsetting, as well as how the country’s efforts to leave a sustainable legacy after the event could inspire other nations.

This paper examines causes and consequences of corruption within the process of economic development. Drawing on experiences and insights accumulated during the post-war period and reflected in a growing body of academic research, the paper analyzes institutional mechanisms that sustain corruption and the impact of corruption on development. It argues that many forms of corruption stem from the distributional attributes of the state in its role as the economy's central agent of resource allocation. It also addresses the question of what can be done about corruption and discusses the role of economic policies in developing incentives and institutions to reduce its incidence.

Climate change is the most critical issue threatening the whole world. As a most populous, tropical developing country, India has a bigger challenge to cope with the consequences of climate change than other countries. However, climate change is a global phenomenon but consequences are both local and global, so the role of policies both at global and country level is very crucial. The Indian Climate Change policy is featured under both regional and global dimensions with National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) adopted in 2008 and India’s Intended Nationally Determined Commitments (INDC) 2015, respectively. The chapter tries to assess the role of such policies in promoting sustainable development and will ascertain the challenges and opportunities within such policy perspectives. It will try to decipher whether there exists any substantive institutional framework for policy which offers coherence and consistency as to how the government should cope with the long-term political challenges of climate change. The critical subject to ponder upon is the characterization of India within the international climate landscape “as a minor contributor to past emissions, but a significant contributor to future emissions, albeit not on a per capita basis” (Dubash et al. 2018). India’s national climate policy urgently needs a coherent vision for tackling climate change, that should be reflected in framing of legislation and policy documents addressing carbon emission-related sectors and aligned with several federal levels, and in the strategy of appropriate institutional frameworks to achieve the climate policy objectives of adaptation and mitigation.

Information Literacy is still largely absent from the priorities of national information and education policies. A need for a systematic body of evidence on the strategic role of Information Literacy is recognised and leads to the identification of a set of variables, which can be useful to provide a first picture of the Information Literacy polices in Europe, with a particular focus on Higher Education. The set of variables constitutes the theoretical framework supporting the European Observatory on Information Literacy Policies and Research .

Gamification found acceptance as an intriguing business tool, especially in the marketing domain wherein game-like processes encourage human engagement with products or services. Several studies have highlighted various uses of gamified approaches not only in marketing but also in other domains. However, what is unexplored is the “dark side” of gamification for various users across various businesses. Though gamification incentivizes customers to repeatedly play for more chances to win, it is covert in nature, which can lead to stress or strain on individuals and may have a huge impact in terms of ethics, privacy, and health monitoring on the users. As gamification engages users on psychological levels, it can be associated with privacy invasion, social overload, and negative health conditions, thereby revealing shocking exhaustion scenarios. These have huge ethical, privacy, surveillance, and monitoring impacts as gamification is in a way manipulating human minds and continuously keeping people addicted to an opaque and nonexistent world for materialistic benefits and pleasure. This chapter explores the impact of the false transparency creation, unethical interactions, and worst-case scenarios that gamification can cause. This can have huge ramifications on human beings as gamified systems are really complex processes. This chapter further highlights that businesses need to understand their limitations before gamification becomes a more powerful psychological tool with serious consequences, including life-threatening ones, for its users.