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Background and Aims: Sub-fertility is a global issue, and its prevalence worldwide is around 10% to 15%. The aim of this study was to find out the cause of subfertility and outcome in terms of positive pregnancy followingdiagnostic and therapeutic laparoscopy.

Methods: A Non-randomized control trial was carried out in 110 patients presenting with subfertility in a tertiary care hospital of Lahore, from January 2022 to Dec 2022. A sample of 110 patients was collected through Non-Probability, Consecutive sampling technique. Data was collected by using a structured questionnaire. Those patients whose husbands had abnormal semen analysis were excluded from the study. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Chi square test was applied used to find out associations between laparoscopic procedures and age, type of infertility, marital years and outcome in terms of becoming pregnant. P value was fixed as $\le$0.05 as significant.

Results: Out of 110 females with subfertility, 54 (49.1%) were in the age group 26-30 years. Most common presentation was subfertility in 76 (69.1%). Ultrasound findings were normal in (n=73, 66.4%) patients whereas intra-operatively (n=46, 41.8%) had normal findings. Main Causes identified were blocked tubes (n=12, 11%), Polycystic ovary (n=10, 9.1%) and Pelvic tuberculosis (n=4, 3.6%). Bi variate analysis of laparoscopic procedures with Sociodemographic profile showed significant results such as Age (p=0.002), marital years (p=0.000) and conception after laparoscopic procedures (p=0.022. Binary logistic regression showed significant results with positive pregnancy outcome with p value of 0.024 with (95% CI of 1.139-6.241).

Conclusion: In Pakistan TB is a neglected cause of subfertility diagnosed through laparoscopic procedures only. Strong association was observed with positive pregnancy outcome and therapeutic laparoscopy in 16(47.1%) of the patients.

Background and Aims: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV 2) has highly suspected as one of the causes of male infertility. Much research has been showed that sperm parameters decreased after Covid-19 infection. But there is limited data that show whether Covid-19 has impact on Sperm DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI) and pregnancy outcome.

The aim of this study is to assess the effect of Covid-19 infection and DFI in male and pregnancy outcome.

Methods: Thirty-four males who came to Teratai clinic as patients were selected and divided into two groups: Covid positive and Covid negative. The criteria to be included in Covid positive is the fact that the patient recently has Covid infection for less than 6 months. We assessed DFI outcome and divided the data into two group: Poor DFI (>25%) and Normal DFI (<25%). We also analyzed pregnancy outcome and divided the data into two groups: pregnancy positive and pregnancy negative. Statistical analysis is performed by Chi-square.

Results: Result demonstrated that Covid-19 infection increased Sperm DFI (p<0,05) and decreased pregnancy outcome (p<0,05).

Conclusion: Covid-19 infection has a negative influence on sperm DFI and pregnancy outcome.

This study investigated the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment on ovarian function and pregnancy outcomes in three patients with severe reduction of ovarian reserve. The patients had previously undergone multiple cycles of assisted reproductive technology (ART) without favorable results. Prior to PRP treatment, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels were assessed. PRP was administered through intraovarian injection. Hormonal assessments were performed at 6–7 months after the first PRP injection. The results showed major improvements in ovarian function, as evidenced by decreased FSH levels and increased AMH levels in all three patients. The number of mature oocytes retrieved per cycle and the ovum-to-blastocyst rate were also improved. All the patients achieved successful pregnancies and gave birth to healthy infants. These findings suggest that PRP may enhance ovarian function, oocyte quality, and pregnancy outcomes in patients with severely reduced ovarian reserve. Further research is necessary to validate these results and explore the underlying mechanisms.