Narrow Results

In the tunneling framework of Hawking radiation, the quantum tunneling of massive particles in the modified Schwarzschild black holes from gravity's rainbow is investigated. While the massive particle tunneling from the event horizon, the metric fluctuation is taken into account, not only due to energy conservation but also to the Planck scale effect of spacetime. The obtained results show that, the emission rate is related to changes of the black hole's quantum corrected entropies before and after the emission. This implies that, considering the quantum effect of spacetime, information conservation of black holes is probable. Meanwhile, the quantum corrected entropy of the modified black hole is obtained and the leading correction behave as log-area type. And that, the emission spectrum with Planck scale correction is obtained and it deviates from the thermal spectrum.

In this paper, we study the self-force in the Parikh–Wilczek tunneling model of Hawking radiation for Reissner–Nordström (RN) black holes. We conclude that the repulsive self-force speeds up the emission and the radiation becomes an irreversible process. We also find an upper bound of charge–mass ratio for emitted particles.

The radiation of vector particles by black holes in (1+2) dimensions is investigated within the WKB approximation. We consider the process of quantum tunneling of bosons through an event horizon of the black hole. The emission temperature for the Schwarzschild background geometry coincides with the Hawking temperature and for the Rindler spacetime the temperature is the Unruh temperature. We also obtain the radiation temperature for the de Sitter spacetime.

Particle tunneling from a quantum corrected black hole in the gravity's rainbow was investigated by the radial trajectory method of the tunneling framework. Using the thermodynamic property of the event horizon, a simpler method for calculating the tunneling probability was shown. In this method, the Painleve coordinate transformation of spacetime and the radial trajectory equation of the tunneling particles used in the previous radial trajectory method was not used. Using the simpler method, the tunneling probability of outgoing particles, regardless of whether they are massless or massive, were calculated in a unified way. The emission rates were related to the changes of the black hole entropies before and after the emission. This implies that the emission spectrum agrees with the underling unitary theory. In addition, the Bekenstein–Hawking area for the modified black hole was established and the emission spectrum with quantum corrections was discussed.

We present an investigation on thermodynamics of two different types of black holes viz. Kiselev black hole (asymptotically flat) and Taub–NUT (non-asymptotically flat) black hole. We compute the thermodynamic variables like black hole’s Hawking temperature and entropy at the black hole’s event horizon. Further, we derive the heat capacity and examine it to study the thermal stability of the black holes. We also calculate the rate of emission, assuming the black holes radiate energy in terms of photons by tunneling. We graphically represent all the parameters including the rate of emission of the black holes and interpret them physically. We depict a comparative study of thermodynamics between the aforesaid types of black holes. We find the existence of a transition of phase. Finally, we obtain the quantum corrected thermodynamics on the basis of general uncertainty principle and it is seen from the quantum-corrected entropy that it contains the logarithmic term. We offer comparative studies on joint effect of generalized uncertainty principle parameter $\alpha$ along with the concerned black holes’ parameters on the thermodynamics.

According to the dispersion relation that stems from the string theory and the quantum gravitational theory, we study the dynamic equation of fermions, that is Rarita–Schwinger equation. Based on the Lorentz dispersion relation modified in the high-energy case, the dynamic equation of arbitrary spin fermions is accurately corrected in the Kerr Anti-de Sitter black hole, then the action of fermions with arbitrary spin is computed. To do so, we obtain the new expressions for tunneling rate, Hawking temperature and entropy of the black hole. At last, some comments are made on the results of our work.

In this paper, we investigate the Hawking radiation process by using the quantum tunneling phenomenon of massive spin-1 (W-bosons) and spin-0 particles by the black hole in 2 + 1 dimensions surrounded by quintessence as well as charged BTZ-like magnetic black hole. First of all, by using Hamilton–Jacobi ansatz and WKB approximation to the field equation of massive vector particles, we get the required tunneling rate of emitted particles and obtain the corresponding Hawking temperature $T_h$ for the black hole (BH) surrounded by quintessence. In order to study the quantum gravity effects, we utilize the generalized Proca and Klein–Gordan equations incorporating the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) for these BHs and recover their modified tunneling probability as well as accompanying quantum corrected temperatures $T_h^{\prime }$.

We investigate the modifications of the Hawking radiation by the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) and the tunneling process. By using the GUP-corrected de Broglie wavelength, the squeezing of the fundamental momentum cell, and consequently a GUP-corrected energy, we find the nonthermal effects which lead to a nonzero statistical correlation function between probabilities of tunneling of two massive particles with different energies. Then the recovery of part of the information from the black hole radiation is feasible. From the other point of view, the inclusion of the effects of quantum gravity as the GUP expression can halt the evaporation process, so that a stable black hole remnant is left behind, including the other part of the black hole information content. Therefore, these features of the Planck-scale corrections may solve the information problem in black hole evaporation.

We apply the tunneling process of charged massive particles through the quantum horizon of a Reissner–Nordström black hole in a new noncommutative gravity scenario. In this model, the tunneling amplitude on account of noncommutativity influences in the context of coordinate coherent states is modified. Our calculation points out that the emission rate satisfies the first law of black hole thermodynamics and is consistent with an underlying unitary theory.

We investigate the radiation of spin-1 particles by black holes in (1+1) dimensions within the Proca equation. The process is considered as quantum tunneling of bosons through an event horizon. It is shown that the emission temperature for the Schwarzschild background geometry is the same as the Hawking temperature corresponding to scalar particles emission. We also obtain the radiation temperatures for the de Sitter, Rindler and Schwarzschild–de Sitter space–times. In a particular case when two horizons in Schwarzschild–de Sitter space–time coincides, the Nariai temperature is recovered. The thermodynamical entropy of a black hole is calculated for Schwarzschild–de Sitter space–time having two horizons.

An evanescent wave is a nonpropagating wave with an imaginary wave vector. In this study, we prove that these are solutions of the tachyon-like Klein–Gordon equation, and that in the tunneling of ultrarelativistic spin-1/2 particles they describe superluminal states arising from the interactions between a particle and barrier. These states decay as a particle emerges from the opposite side of a potential barrier, conserving the same initial energy but not necessarily the same mass. The obtained theory is applied to the neutrino, to explain flavor oscillations during free flight and determine the conditions that maximize the probability of their occurrence.

We study thermodynamics and quantum tunneling of the Reissner–Nordström black hole with deficit solid angle and quintessence. We employ black hole thermodynamical laws and Parikh–Wilczek’s semiclassical tunneling process to obtain expressions of some thermodynamics quantities, Boltzmann factor, and entropy variation of the black hole. Regarding black hole background as dynamical and using conservation laws for energy and charge, we detect the existence of unthermal radiation spectrum and dependence of Boltzmann factor on the background geometry, and on energy and charge of the radiant particle. We explicitly plot variations of temperature, heat capacity, Boltzmann factor, and entropy change for various values of deficit solid angle $𝜖$ and quintessence density ${\rho }_0$. When varying the black hole entropy, there exists a phase transition, which shifts to lower entropy for increasing ${\rho }_0$ and decreasing ${𝜖}^2$. We show that temperature, heat capacity, and quantum tunneling rate are decreased in presence of quintessence and deficit angle parameters.

This paper is devoted to study the effects of the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) on Hawking radiation of scalar particles and fermions tunneling of Babichev–Charmousis black hole by using Hamilton–Jacobi method. To this end, we modify the Klein–Gordon equation (K-G equation) and Dirac equation firstly on account of GUP. Then, we apply the semiclassical WKB approximation to derive the corrected Hawking temperature of scalar particles and fermions tunneling process and corresponding corrected thermodynamics quantities of this black hole. We find that the corrected temperature depends on GUP parameter $\alpha$. Furthermore, the existence of minimal mass and minimal entropy implies that when the evaporation of the black hole stops, it will leave a remnant.

The phenomenon of tunneling is well-known in quantum theory, however, many novel characteristics appear when the corresponding classical dynamics of the underlying system is chaotic. In this paper, the chaos-assisted tunneling is found in a triple-well potential under an external periodic driving field. We make use of the Husimi distribution to illustrate this characteristic in the quantum phase-space.

A two-dimensional problem of tunneling of a particle is studied to propose an experiment to measure tunneling time. We consider a 2D rectangular barrier in which the particle undergoes both tunneling and free lateral motion at the same time. The two processes are coupled by the same tunneling time, which leads to a simple relation between the tunneling time and the corresponding lateral shift such that L = vτ. Since the lateral speed v is constant the tunneling time can be obtained by measuring the lateral shift. The shifted length can be controlled by an initial lateral speed and become over a hundred nanometers when the particle is provided with sufficient initial lateral speed. The present model may also be used for examining the relationships between characteristic tunneling times suggested in previous articles. We also demonstrate physical differences between the 2D problem of a particle tunneling and the frustrated total internal reflection of electromagnetic waves.

The time-dilations that arise during quantum tunneling appear applicable to the time-translation thought experiment by Aharonov et al. It may be feasible to actually perform a test for communicating in reverse-time as described by Cramer.

A feasible quantum means for laboratory testing the time-translation theory by Aharonov et al. has previously been proposed. If such tests prove successful, a modified test based on this model is suggested to further investigate anticipated behavioral characteristics of the Many Worlds Interpretation and quantum decoherence.

We present a simple non-Hermitian model to describe the phenomenon of asymmetric tunneling between two energy-degenerate sites coupled by a non-reciprocal interaction without dissipation. The system was described using a biorthogonal family of energy eigenvectors, the dynamics of the system was determined by the Schrödinger equation, and unitarity was effectively restored by proper normalization of the state vectors. The results show that the tunneling rates are indeed asymmetrical in this model, leading to an equilibrium that displays unequal occupation of the degenerate systems even in the absence of external interactions.

In this paper, the interaction and transmission time of quantum density solitons waves [B. M. Mirza, Mod. Phys. Lett. B 28 (2014) 1450200]¹ passing through finite barrier potentials is investigated. Using the conservation of energy and of quantum density, it is first demonstrated that the soliton waves possess the important particle-like properties, including localization by a finite de Broglie wavelength and constant uniform motion in free space. The passage of quantum density solitons through barriers of finite energies is then shown to lead to the phenomena of resonant tunneling and, in Josephson-like configurations, to the quantization of magnetic flux. A precise general measure for barrier tunneling time is derived which is found to give a new interpretation of the quantum indeterminacy principles. The quantum density soliton theory is applied to coherent microstructures observed in NbSe₃-like systems, where it is shown to lead to the sawtooth current phenomena and nano-scale transversal times.

Quantum tunneling events occurring through biochemical bonds are capable of generating quantum correlations between bonded systems, which in turn makes the conventional second law of thermodynamics approach insufficient to investigate these systems. This means that the utilization of these correlations in their biological functions could give an evolutionary advantage to biomolecules to an extent beyond the predictions of molecular biology that are generally based on the second law in its standard form. To explore this possibility, we first compare the tunneling assisted quantum entanglement shared in the ground states of covalent and hydrogen bonds. Only the latter appears to be useful from a quantum information point of view. Also, significant amounts of quantum entanglement can be found in the thermal state of hydrogen bond. Then, we focus on an illustrative example of ligand binding in which a receptor protein or an enzyme is restricted to recognize its ligands using the same set of proton-acceptors and donors residing on its binding site. In particular, we show that such a biomolecule can discriminate between $3^n-1$ agonist ligands if it uses the entanglement shared in $n$ intermolecular hydrogen bonds as a resource in molecular recognition. Finally, we consider the molecular recognition events encountered in both the contemporary genetic machinery and its hypothetical primordial ancestor in pre-DNA world, and discuss whether there may have been a place for the utilization of quantum entanglement in the evolutionary history of this system.