Narrow Results

The incompleteness of race and ethnicity information in real-world data (RWD) hampers its utility in promoting healthcare equity. This study introduces two methods—one heuristic and the other machine learning-based—to impute race and ethnicity from genetic ancestry using tumor profiling data. Analyzing de-identified data from over 100,000 cancer patients sequenced with the Tempus xT panel, we demonstrate that both methods outperform existing geolocation and surname-based methods, with the machine learning approach achieving high recall (range: 0.859-0.993) and precision (range: 0.932-0.981) across four mutually exclusive race and ethnicity categories. This work presents a novel pathway to enhance RWD utility in studying racial disparities in healthcare.

Research has shown that credit discouragement is one of the most significant barriers deterring small businesses from accessing credit. Although credit discouragement is often associated with diminished expectations for successfully obtaining credit, the underlying causes of this phenomenon have not been explored fully. Adapting Loury’s (2021) feedback effect theory to the credit market, this study provides insights into the effect of race and emotional distress on credit discouragement among individual microentrepreneurs (IMEs) in Brazil. Using survey data collected in Rio de Janeiro and Salvador, the study confirms that Black and Brown IMEs who reported emotional distress in bank branches had a greater credit discouragement rate than those who did not. We also confirmed Brazil’s pigmentocratic pattern of inequality, with higher discouragement among Black IMEs compared to Brown and White IMEs.

It is well established in previous research that female and minority entrepreneurs are less successful with business ventures in comparison to whites and males. In that same literature, motivation and growth expectations have been shown to be positively associated with business success. This paper examines how motivations and business goals differ by gender and race and how they affect disparity in business outcomes. Using data from the Second Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED II), we find that stronger motivations for financial gain have a negative effect on business survival rate for black women and Hispanic men. In contrast, the effect is positive for black men and Hispanic women. When considering interactions between financial motivations, race and gender, various significant effects were found and are detailed in the paper. It is important for researchers and practitioners who want to promote entrepreneurship to understand the differences and adapt advisory and training curricula accordingly.

This paper uses Theory of Constraints (TOC) improvement questions to measure how employees' demographics influence their adoption of various Information Technology Equipments (ITEs) in organisations. Survey questions in the form of a Likert scale are prepared to address these possible effects. The number of total participants was 216 and they were from two universities: Argosy University, Atlanta campus; and Brigham Young University, Provo campus. The research question for this study asked how the factors of age, gender, race, and education level positively or negatively influence employees' attitudes toward ITE adoption at their place of employment. A Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was computed to assess the relationships and the Kruskal–Wallis and the Mann–Whitney U tests were used to compare the independent groups. The results suggested that there was a correlation among age, race and education level and indicated that age negatively correlates with employees' level of comfort with ITE use. There was a statistically significant difference at the 0.01 level between White and Black participants.

South Florida is an area where entrepreneurship is very much alive. South Florida is a new frontier; a hundred-year-old region than is constantly changing, growing and evolving as it carves out new niches through the mobility of its local and foreign entrepreneurs. The entrepreneurship manifested locally has opened new frontiers for the region and, as a consequence, for frontiers all over the world. Entrepreneurship opportunities challenge South Floridians to sink or swim in the turbulent waters of international trade and finance.The main objective in this article is to explore the contribution of entrepreneurship and other variables to the economy of South Florida. Although entrepreneurship has played in the past and continues to have at present, a very important role in the area's economy, its future position is far from being assured.

The contemporary epoch in human history is characterised by unprecedented levels of discourses on structural violence and an urge to interrogate, deconstruct and dismantle the oppressive structures. Different subaltern sections which have hitherto remained subjugated or even invisible have found in the notion of equity a way to emancipate themselves, not just as individuals, but also as collectives. This historical background has facilitated a re-reading of Gandhi from multiple perspectives and made him a centre of renewed interest in his approach to equity. While on one side, Gandhi has been hailed as a crusader against various power structures such as imperialism, racism, casteism, class dominance and even patriarchy, the limitations in his approach towards those oppressive structures have also been subjected to deep and informed critiques. While critiques which problematise his approach to oppressive structures like Ambedkar’s critique of Gandhi on the caste question and the Marxist critiques on him on the class question have been prevalent for some time yet, the contemporary assertions of different social identities have sparked off newer debates focusing on Gandhi’s approach towards oppressive structures. The best example is the burgeoning critical readings on his work in South Africa, which has been hailed as a glorious struggle against apartheid by historiographers and biographers sympathetic to him but being increasingly read from a Black perspective in terms of its reinforcement of racism. These discursive critiques find their practical manifestations in movements such as the ongoing “Black Lives Matter” movement, where Gandhi as an icon is being denounced. Against this backdrop, this chapter tries to determine whether there is a unique Gandhian approach to oppressive structures. If it is there, how far it is useful in the struggles for equity being waged by the different subaltern sections. Also, an attempt is made to historically situate the various critical readings on Gandhi, and critically examine how far they can help in reclaiming the radical-rebellious part in Gandhi’s thought-world on the one hand, while further developing deep, informed critiques on its conservative/status-quoist dimensions on the other.