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Volar dislocations of the proximal interphalangeal joint, if missed, with extensor tendon entrapment will lead to permanent impairment. Prompt diagnosis followed by open reduction and aggressive rehabilitation is necessary.

The Gilula's test suggests the presence of ulnocarpal translation when 50% or more of the lunate lies medial to the ulnar edge of radius. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of this semiquantitative test as there was inconsistency between the previous publications in regarding 50% as the cutoff value for the normal lunate uncovering ratio (LUR).

We utilized the Picture Archiving and Communication System to investigate radiographs of 299 normal adult wrists and emphasized defined radiographic landmarks for accurate quantitative measurement. Our mean LUR was 35%(SD8) with a range of 8 to 49%. Therefore we re-affirmed the reliability of the Gilula's test since none of our normal wrists had a LUR of 50% or greater.

Background: Quality of reduction in distal radius fractures (DRF) is assessed using radiographic parameters, however few studies examine the association between radiographic measurements and functional outcomes. Our purpose was to evaluate the relationship between radiographic measurements and clinical outcome measures following surgery for DRF using detailed testing to demonstrate further associations between post-surgical radiographic measurements and function.

Methods: Measurements were performed on postoperative radiographs of 38 patients following ORIF of DRF. Measurements included: radial inclination, radial height, ulnar variance, volar tilt, radiocarpal interval (d2/w2), and the intra-articular step-off. Clinical outcome measures included motion, grip strength, functional dexterity testing, Moberg pick-up test, specific activities of daily living, DASH score, pain scale, manual-assessment questionnaire.

Results: Different radiographic parameters correlated with different specific tasks. The parameter correlated with most functional tasks was ulnar-variance. Radial inclination, radial-styloid scaphoid distance, and fracture classification correlated with some functions. Intraarticular step-off, and radial height were not associated with functional testing.

Conclusions: Surgical radiographic results may affect post-operative function. Detailed task specific testing may enable a better evaluation of surgical outcomes. Further study and refinement of functional assessment may change our surgical goals in DRF.

Background: Distal radius fractures are among the most common fractures encountered in orthopedic practices. If treated operatively, most implants are retained after the fracture heals unless there is hardware failure, limitation of wrist motion, pain, infection, tendon rupture, or tenosynovitis. Complications have been reported during hardware removal, including not knowing the exact implant prior to its removal. If a patient presents for plate removal to a surgeon who did not perform the initial fracture fixation, having a preoperative visual aid can help the treating surgeon choose the right instruments for their removal.

Methods: To identify many of the available distal radius fixation devices, we searched the Internet and contacted local industry representatives. We also approached industry personnel at the commercial exhibit of a national hand society meeting to provide us with implants they manufacture. The implants were placed on the volar and dorsal aspects of sawbone models of the distal radius and in one case the radial styloid, using the screws, screwdrivers and accessories in the standard implant set and then posteroanterior and lateral x-rays of the implants were obtained. We created an atlas and a list of the screwdriver(s) used for each.

Results: We obtained radiographs and photographs for 28 implants that were manufactured by 14 different companies. Two companies sent us radiographs and photographs placed on either a sawbone or cadaveric model. We found that 7 of the implants were outliers and could be identified easily on the x-rays, whereas 21 implants had similar design of shaft and distal components.

Conclusions: To aid the orthopedic surgeon in their removal, we compiled a comprehensive list of most distal radius fixation devices on the market including plates and their corresponding screws and screwdrivers. The goal was to help the surgeon when removing the plate to identify the implant on radiographs.

Dental disease evaluation and clinical assessment are frequently accomplished through radiographic penetration. The difficulty of obtaining an accurate clinical diagnosis from radiographs rises due to the minimal mineral density change in demineralized tissue of tooth and gum disorders. Dental abnormalities may not be visible on radiographs until the demineralization is higher than 40%, according to the literature. As a result, a dental practitioner’s judgment can have a big impact on how accurately the radiography penetration depth is determined through visual inspection. To counteract this effect, image processing-based clinical diagnosis methods have become widely adopted, transforming dentistry from traditional to advance in recent years. The efforts made in the area of image processing-based digital dental diagnosis of the most challenging dental issues are outlined in the presented comprehensive literature evaluation, which also identifies any research gaps in the scope of work already done. The included studies’ quality was evaluated using Quality Assessment and Diagnostic Accuracy Tool-2 (QUADAS-2). A total of 52 out of 178 articles, published from 2012 to February 2023, were reviewed and data like image-processing approach, the size of datasets, approach results, advantages and disadvantages, name(s) of diagnosed diseases, imaging type, author, and publication year were extracted. Results show that, in 52 studies, more than 14 image-processing approaches were used on different types of radiographs for the diagnosis of a single or more than one disease by a single approach with an accuracy range from 64% to 93%. Most studies have used artificial intelligence (AI) for computer-aided diagnosis and used dental experts to label their dataset and validate the outcome of proposed methods. Efforts done by different research groups for image processing-based digital diagnosis are appreciable but still, they are lagging to meet clinically expected accuracy. There looks to be a great requirement for the development or standardization of existing methodology and it is also needed to construct standard public dental datasets to attract a greater number of research groups in the dental field.

Attrition and eventual loss of articular cartilage are crucial elements in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis. Preventing the breakdown of cartilage is believed to be critical in order to preserve the functional integrity of a joint. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and advanced digital postprocessing techniques have opened novel possibilities for in vivo quantitative analysis of cartilage morphology, structure, and function in health and disease. Techniques of semiquantitative scoring of human knee cartilage pathology and quantitative assessment of human cartilage have recently been developed. Though cartilage represents a thin layer of material relative to the size of voxels typically used for MRI, cartilage thickness and volume have been quantified in human and in small animals. MRI-detected cartilage loss has been shown to be more sensitive than radiography-detected joint space narrowing. Progress made in MRI technology in the last few years allows longitudinal studies of knee cartilage with an accuracy good enough to follow disease-caused changes and to evaluate the therapeutic effects of chondroprotective drugs.