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When ironwork, especially steel roll coil, is transported to customers, land transportation and sea transportation are usually used. To transport steel roll coil fast and safe without damaging it, it is necessary that the steel roll coil has to be in stable condition. These days, apitong, which is all imported from overseas, is being used to support the steel roll coil, but because of apitong's rigidity, it damages the coil and when the coil is damaged, it is hard to fix. Due to the fact that recovering damage of the coil is almost impossible, we have to find the new type of dunnage that can substitute the apitong. In this paper, the arrays and the kinds of reinforcements, and rectangular type and trapezoid of dunnage will be talked about. The phenomenon of rolling and the impact when the carrier start moving and stop will be talked about as well. Therefore, we are going to develop a dunnage that does not damage ironwork and has better recovery and softness than existing apitong dunnage.

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) have been regarded as one of the most principal classifications in composite materials. The thermal characterization of hybrid MMCs has been increasingly important in a wide range of applications. The coefficient of thermal expansion is one of the most important properties of MMCs. Since nearly all MMCs are used in various temperature ranges, measurement of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) as a function of temperature is necessary in order to know the behavior of the material. In this research paper, the evaluation of thermal expansivity has been accomplished for Al 6061, silicon carbide (SiC) and Graphite (Gr) hybrid MMCs from room temperature to 300°C. Aluminum (Al)-based composites reinforced with SiC and Gr particles have been prepared by stir casting technique. The thermal expansivity behavior of hybrid composites with different percentage compositions of reinforcements has been investigated. The results have indicated that the thermal expansivity of the different compositions of hybrid MMCs decreases by the addition of Gr with SiC and Al 6061. Few empirical models have been validated for the evaluation of thermal expansivity of composites. Using the experimental values namely modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio and thermal expansivity, computational investigation has been carried out to evaluate the thermal parameters namely thermal displacement, thermal strain and thermal stress.

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are regarded to be one of the most principal classifications in composite materials. The thermal characterization of hybrid MMCs has become increasingly important in a wide range of applications. Thermal conductivity is one of the most important properties of MMCs. Since nearly all MMCs are used in various temperature ranges, measurement of thermal conductivity as a function of temperature is necessary in order to know the behavior of the material. In the present research, evaluation of thermal conductivity has been accomplished for aluminum alloy (Al) 6061, silicon carbide (SiC) and graphite (Gr) hybrid MMCs from room temperature to $300^{\circ }$C. Al-based composites reinforced with SiC and Gr particles have been prepared by stir casting technique. The thermal conductivity behavior of hybrid composites with different percentage compositions of reinforcements has been investigated using laser flash technique. The results have indicated that the thermal conductivity of the different compositions of hybrid MMCs decreases by the addition of Gr with SiC and Al 6061. Few empirical models have been validated concerning with the evaluation of thermal conductivity of composites. Using the experimental values namely density, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity and enthalpy at varying temperature ranges, computational investigation has been carried out to evaluate the thermal gradient and thermal flux.

The thermal characterization and analysis of composite materials has been increasingly important in a wide range of applications. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is one of the most important properties of metal matrix composites (MMCs). Since nearly all MMCs are used in various temperature ranges, measurement of CTE as a function of temperature is necessary in order to know the behavior of the material. In this research paper, the evaluation of CTE or thermal expansivity has been accomplished for Al 6061, silicon carbide and graphite hybrid MMCs from room temperature to $300^{\circ }$C. Aluminium-based composites reinforced with silicon carbide and graphite particles have been prepared by stir casting technique. The thermal expansivity behavior of hybrid composites with different percentage compositions of reinforcements has been investigated. The results have indicated that the thermal expansivity of different compositions of hybrid MMCs decrease by the addition of graphite with silicon carbide and Al 6061. Empirical models have been validated for the evaluation of thermal expansivity of composites. Numerical convergence test has been accomplished to investigate the thermal expansion behavior of composites.

In this research paper, the determination of thermal expansivity and thermal conductivity has been accomplished for Al 6061, Silicon Carbide and Graphite hybrid metal matrix composites from room temperature to $300^{\circ }$C. Aluminium-based composites reinforced with Silicon Carbide and Graphite particles have been prepared by stir casting technique. The thermal expansion and thermal conductivity properties of hybrid composites with different percentage compositions of reinforcements have been investigated. The results have indicated that the thermal expansivity and thermal conductivity of the different compositions of hybrid MMCs decrease by the addition of Graphite with Silicon Carbide and Al 6061. Few empirical models have been validated for the evaluation of thermal expansivity and thermal conductivity of hybrid composites. Using the experimental values, namely modulus of elasticity, Poisson ratio and thermal expansivity, computational investigation has been carried out to evaluate the thermal parameters, namely thermal displacement, thermal strain and thermal stress. Similarly, using the experimental values, namely density, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity and enthalpy at varying temperature ranges, computational investigation has been carried out to evaluate thermal gradient and thermal flux.