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Nowadays, the field of occupational health and safety has emerged as a key subject of scientific research for nations. The well-being and safety of individuals are of utmost importance in all aspects of professional life. The goal of occupational health and safety is to optimize the physical and emotional well-being of employees. To accomplish these objectives, nations implement numerous laws and regulations. The rules published in Turkey are mostly based on the European Community 89/391 Directive, which is known as the “Framework Directive on Taking Measures to Improve the Health and Safety of Workers”. One of these regulations is the “Risk Assessment Regulation”, which is the most crucial argument in the field of occupational safety. In this study, for the first time in the literature, a specialized group of experts called the “risk assessment team” was formed according to the regulations. Based on the extension of fuzzy sets using vague linguistic terms, a comprehensive risk assessment model was proposed by integrating multi-criteria decision-making methods such as SWARA, ARAS, AHP, CRITIC, and Visual PROMETHEE. Furthermore, the risks were ranked in terms of their importance using the ARAS method, which uses ambiguous linguistic terms to assess the risks. The most commonly used risk assessment methods in the machinery industry, such as Fine–Kinney, FMEA, and the $5\times 5$ Matrix, were used to evaluate the same risks based on the collective opinion of experts. The rankings obtained were then consolidated into a single sequence using the Borda count method. Later on, a comparison of risk rankings was conducted using the proposed model, followed by a correlation analysis. The correlation analysis produced a result of 0.744, indicating a high correlation. This result demonstrated the applicability of the suggested method in the field of occupational health and safety. Moreover, the data obtained using triangular fuzzy numbers and the data obtained using a five-point scale were ranked according to their importance levels using the Visual PROMETHEE application. Finally, the cross-validation of these ranking results was ensured. The results were visually evaluated in the PROMETHEE–GAIA framework, considering the relationships between alternative measures and risks.

Skincare is one of the most important issues in the process of adapting to the changing and developing society of today’s women and men. In addition to being an area where women show more interest, a certain segment of men, if not most, care about skincare as well. In this chapter, while examining the products of some brands used for skincare, the authors has tried to find the most harmless of them. Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA), Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS), and Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) were used to select the most harmless skincare product. While SWARA was used to find the criteria weights, ARAS and COPRAS rules were applied to determine such a product, and the two methods were compared. Through the combination of these methods, skincare products of various brands were evaluated and determined to be the most harmless one. Pairwise combination of the three quantitative methods is a unique approach developed for the purpose of this study and it offers an objective assessment of various decision alternatives.

Using and consuming healthy and natural products has been of concern for many of us. We want all the products we eat, drink, wear, and use to be natural or healthy, but over the years, it has become either very difficult to find natural products or it can be very expensive. Cleaning our body and kitchen utensils with natural products has also recently emerged as an important issue. In this study, we evaluate washing liquids from the viewpoint of human and environmental health. While making the evaluation, nine important criteria were taken into consideration and six alternative washing liquids were selected to find out which one is more suitable. Multi Criteria Decision Making Methodologies (MCDM) were utilized while performing the ranking process. Criteria weights were found through the Step-wise Weight Appraisal Ratio Analysis (SWARA) methodology. The alternatives’ ranking was determined through the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methodology.

Many weighting methods based on ordinal information have been proposed by different authors within multi-attribute utility/value theory. Moreover, the literature has also addressed the possibility of considering additional information regarding the ranking of criteria, mainly focused on the strength of the differences between the weights of consecutive criteria. However, although comparison analyses have been carried out to analyze the performance of weighting methods based on ordinal information, no comparative analyses of these methods have been conducted when additional information is available. In this chapter, we compare the step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) and the cardinal sum reciprocal (CSR) using Monte Carlo simulation techniques on the basis of the hit ratio and the rank order correlation as quality measures.