Narrow Results

This work aimed to investigate the production of ${}^{151}$Sm and ${}^{152,154,155}$Eu on natural Nd and Sm targets via particle accelerator because these radionuclides have the potential for use in nuclear battery technology such as betavoltaic batteries and radioisotope thermoelectric generators. Therefore, this work estimated cross-section curves for proton, deuteron, triton, helium-3, and alpha particles induced reactions in the energy range $E_{\mathrm{\text{particle}}}=100\to 1\mathrm{\text{MeV}}$. The activities and products of yield were simulated for all reaction processes under selected conditions, the particle beam current of 1 mA and the irradiation time of 24 h. Moreover, to understand the formations of ${}^{151}\mathrm{\text{Sm}}$ and ${}^{152,154,155}$Eu in the reaction processes, the appropriate energy region of the reactions by calculating the integral yield curves were determined. Based on the obtained results, determination of suitable targets, energy regions, and reaction processes were discussed by this work.

Absorption and emission spectra of Sm³⁺ doped lithium sodium borate (LNB) have been reported. The samples were prepared by the melt-quenching technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffraction thermal analysis (DTA), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). From the thermo-grams spectrum, glass transition (T_g), crystallization (T_c) and melting temperatures (T_m) have been evaluated. Direct and indirect optical band gaps have been calculated based on the glasses UV absorption spectra. These glasses have shown strong nine absorption bands with hypersensitive transition at 1221 nm (⁶H_5/2→⁴H_3/2) and five emission bands for the transition at ⁴I_7/2→⁶H_13/2 (green color), ⁴I_7/2→⁶H_7/2 (orange color), ⁴I_7/2→⁶H_9/2 (orange color), ⁴I_7/2→⁶H_11/2 (red color) and ⁴I_7/2→⁶H_13/2 (red color) with performing an excitation of 400 nm. The oscillator strengths, refractive index, ions concentration, polaron radius and other parameters have been calculated for each dopant.

In the present paper, we report the effect of Samarium substitution and Niobium doping on the properties of a PZT(52:48). The properties studied are: structural, dielectric and ferroelectric. The samples with chemical formula Pb_0.99Sm_0.01Zr_0.52Ti_0.48O₃ were prepared by solid-state dry ceramic method. Small amount (0.5 wt%) of Nb₂O₅ was also added. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed formation of a single phase with tetragonal structure. Dielectric properties were studied as a function of temperature and frequency. Transition temperature, T_c, was determined from dielectric constant versus temperature plot. The material shows well-defined ferroelectric (PE) hysteresis loop.

Here we report the investigations on Sm-substituted PZTFN (Pb_1-xSm_xZr_0.588Ti_0.392Fe_0.01Nb_0.01O₃) (where x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10) polycrystalline solid solutions fabricated by solid-state reaction method. XRD analysis shows all the samples to be single phase with tetragonal structure. Dielectric measurements were carried out in the temperature range 30°C–400°C at different frequencies in the range 100 Hz to 100 kHz. From the temperature variation of dielectric constant (ε), Curie temperature (T_C) was determined which was found to decrease with increasing x. The room temperature dielectric constant (ε_RT) initially increases with increasing x and then starts decreasing. Dielectric loss improves with Sm-doping.

In this paper we report samarium substituted Ba_0.80Pb_0.20Ti_0.90Zr_0.10O₃ (BPZT) ceramics. The material series with compositional formula Ba_0.80-xSm_xPb_0.20Ti_0.90Zr_0.10O₃ with x varying from 0 to 0.01 in the steps of 0.0025 was chosen for investigations. The material was synthesized by solid state reaction method. Reacted powders compacted in the form of circular discs were sintered at 1325°C. All the samples were subjected to X-ray analysis and found to be single phase. Dielectric behavior was studied as a function of frequency and temperature and Curie temperature (T_c) was determined. T_c was found to decrease with increasing x. The details are discussed and presented here.

This study investigates the optical properties of samarium-doped microstructured and nanostructured CaO–CeO₂ mixed solutions. Conventional solid state method and auto-igniting combustion synthesis were used for the preparation of the samples. The as-prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, UV-Visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. A mixed phase formation with phases of CaO, CeO₂ and Ca(OH)₂ was observed form X-ray diffraction studies. The transmission electron microscopic studies have shown that the average particle size of the as-prepared powder was in the range of 30–40 nm. A blueshift is observed in the bandgap of the nanocrystalline samples. Strong orange–red emission was observed for Sm${}^{3+}$-doped samples and the chromaticity values were calculated using CIE chromaticity diagram.

A samarium hybrid with porphyrin and amino acid as mixed ligands {[Sm(His)(H₂O)][Sm(H₃O)₃](H₂TPPS)₂} • 5H₂O (1) (His = histidine; H₆TPPS = tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin) has been synthesized via a hydrothermal reaction and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1is crystallized in the space group $P\bar{\mathrm{ı}}$ of the triclinic system. Compound 1is characteristic of a three-dimensional (3-D) open framework with the samarium ions in two types of coordinating environments and a saddle-distorted nonplanar porphyrin macrocycle. Compound 1 exhibits fluorescence in the red region. The fluorescence lifetime of 1 is 15.65 ns and the emission quantum yield is 4.1%. The CV/DPV, UV-vis and FT-IR are also reported in detail.

Nickel Ferrite (NiFe₂O₄) doped with Samarium (Sm) (0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 mol.%) was prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction. The crystal structure, surface morphology, infrared spectrum of absorption, and magnetic properties of samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). XRD patterns were indexed with inverse spinel cubic phase with the space group of Fd-3m of nickel ferrite. The average grain size was about 5–10 μm. FTIR spectral study on the NiFe₂O₄ ferrite phase was recorded between 350 cm^-1 and 4000 cm^-1. Two fundamental absorption bands of the ferrites were appeared at 450 cm^-1 and 1000 cm^-1 characteristic of metal vibrations. VSM measurements show that the NiFe₂O₄ doped with Sm 0.3% has the highest value of saturation magnetization. It is also easily demagnetized due to the low value of coercivity field it has. Both NiFe₂O₄ doped with Sm 0.2 mol.% and 0.4 mol.% materials have same values of coercivity field. However, NiFe₂O₄ doped with Sm 0.4 mol.% material has the comparatively high value of saturation magnetization than NiFe₂O₄ doped with Sm 0.2%, also this material was hardly demagnetized, and has highest coercivity field.

Samarium (Sm)-doped calcium–strontium–hydroxyapatite (Ca–Sr–HA:Sm) materials were designed and prepared, and the influence of Sr-introduction on the structure, photoluminescence (PL) and cytotoxicity of samples was revealed. The Sr-doping deduces the shift of some diffraction peaks to smaller angles and enlarges the particle size of samples. The typical red– orange emissions and corresponding luminescence quenching of Sm${}^{3+}$ were observed, and the optimal luminescence performance appeared when $i$(Sr) = 7(Sr/Ca = 7/3) and quenching concentration closes to $x$(Sm) = 0.8 mol.%. The non-radiative transitions and energy transfers due to the dipole–dipole interactions between ions with different symmetry are essential to the luminescence and quenching of Sm${}^{3+}$. Furthermore, the viability values of human HepG2 cells are calculated larger than 90%, and the red–orange color emission was observed when the particles are incubated with cells.