Narrow Results

We investigate coupled gravity and a bulk scalar field on a slice of AdS₅ bulk with special BPS branes at the two ends. With a careful treatment of the general coordinate invariance, the complete tensor–scalar spectrum is presented. There are two massless zero modes in the scalar sector, the radion and a dilatonic zero mode. The four-dimensional effective action is of biscalar–tensor type.

In lattice Schrödinger picture, the wave functionals of a free real scalar field in de Sitter space for the Bunch–Davies vacuum and the corresponding excited states are given explicitly in momentum space for the following coupling cases: (i) massless conformal couplng, (ii) massless minimal coupling, and (iii) massive minimal coupling. Implications of these solutions for inflationary scenarios in cosmology are also discussed.

We review a number of approaches that have been adopted to explain the origin of dark energy responsible for the late-time cosmic acceleration. This includes the cosmological constant and dynamical dark energy models such as quintessence, k-essence, Chaplygin gas, f(R) gravity, scalar-tensor theories, and braneworld models. We also discuss observational and local gravity constraints on those models and clarify which models are favored or ruled out in current observations.

The scattering of a charged scalar field on Coulomb potential is studied using solutions of the Klein–Gordon equation which have a definite momentum. One obtains that the modulus of momentum is not conserved in the scattering process on de Sitter space.

We provide a detailed description for power-law scaling FRW cosmological models in Brans–Dicke theory dominated by two interacting fluid components during the expansion of the universe.

Motivated by the work: K. Karami and J. Fehri, Phys. Lett. B684, 61 (2010) and A. Sheykhi, Phys. Lett. B681, 205 (2009), we generalize their work to the new holographic dark energy model with in the framework of Brans–Dicke cosmology. Concretely, we study the correspondence between the quintessence, tachyon, K-essence, dilaton scalar field and Chaplygin gas model with the new holographic dark energy model in the non-flat Brans–Dicke universe. Furthermore, we reconstruct the potentials and dynamics for these models. By analysis we can show that for new holographic quintessence and Chaplygin gas models, if the related parameters to the potentials satisfy some constraints, the accelerated expansion can be achieved in Brans–Dicke cosmology. In particular, the counterparts of fields and potentials in general relativity can describe accelerated expansion of the universe. It is worth stressing that not only can we give some new results in the framework of Brans–Dicke cosmology, but also the previous results of the new holographic dark energy in Einstein gravity can be included as special cases given by us.

In this paper we study the dynamics of the universe in Friedmann–Robertson–Walker models including perfect fluid and coupled scalar field with nonzero scalar potential in higher derivative theory of gravitation. We study the evolution of the universe by assuming the scalar potential and scale factor as functions of the scalar field. Exact cosmological solutions are obtained for flat, closed and open models, which are physically interesting for the description of the present-day universe. The properties of scalar field and other physical parameters are discussed in detail. Some special cases have been studied by imposing certain constraints on constants to discuss the decelerated and accelerated phases of the universe.

We show that Einstein's field equations for spatially flat Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) spacetimes have a form invariance symmetry (FIS) realized by the form invariance transformations (FIT) which are indeed generated by an invertible function of the source energy density. These transformations act on the Hubble expansion rate, the energy density and pressure of the cosmic fluid; likewise such transformations are endowed with a Lie group structure. Each representation of this group is associated with a particular fluid and consequently a determined cosmology, so that, the FIS defines a set of equivalent cosmological models. We focus our seek in the FIT generated by a linear function because it provides a natural framework to express the duality and also produces large sets of cosmologies, starting from a seed one, in several contexts as for instance in the cases of a perfect fluid source and a scalar field driven by a potential depending linearly on the scalar field kinetic energy density.

In this paper, we investigate the role played by dark energy (DE) in the form of Generalized cosmic Chaplygin gas in an accelerating universe described by FRW cosmology. We have tried to describe the model from the theoretical point of view of a field, by introducing a scalar field ϕ and a self-interacting potential V(ϕ). The corresponding expressions for the field are obtained for the given model. Statefinder parameters have been used to characterize the dark energy model. Plots have been generated for characterizing different phases of universe diagrammatically and a comparative study is performed with the Modified Chaplygin gas model. As an outcome of the study, Generalized cosmic Chaplygin gas is identified as a much less constrained form of dark energy as compared to modified Chaplygin gas.

The variation of the dark energy field is found under the assumption that the dark energy is parametric and interacts with the cold dark matter. Considering that the variation of the field could not exceed the Planck mass, we obtain bounds on the coupling and adiabatic coefficients. Three parametrizations of the adiabatic coefficients are considered and two coupling terms where the energy flows from dark energy to dark matter, or the other way around.

This paper investigates the phenomenon of gravitational collapse of Lemaitre–Tolman–Bondi (LTB) model in the presence of Brans–Dicke (BD) scalar field with nonzero potential field. We find a class of solutions by taking perfect fluid as well as scalar field and check the validity of weak energy conditions. It turns out that two different types of singularities are formed in the presence of scalar field. We conclude that the end state of gravitational collapse turns out to be a black hole (BH) contrary to general relativity (GR).

The solution to the current extending Universe problem, and the description of all stages of evolution compels scientists to consider various cosmological models. Scalar–tensor models are rather simple and also allow us to clearly define the separate stages of evolution. Furthermore, other cosmological models are reduced. Our work takes into consideration the non-minimally interacted scalar field and the spinor field. The spinor field has been considered to establish a better understanding of the stages of evolution in our universe.

We investigate the radiation of an inertial scalar particle evolving in a de Sitter (dS) expanding Universe. In the context of scalar QED, the process is generated by the first-order term in the perturbation theory expansion of the S-matrix. The partial transition probability is obtained and analyzed, and soft-photon emission is found to dominate overall. It has been argued that an inertial particle evolving in dS spacetime loses physical momentum just as a decelerated particle in Minkowski space does. It is thus expected that an inertial charge will radiate in a similar way. We investigate the radiated energy and make a qualitative comparison of the angular distribution of the energy with the radiation pattern in the latter case.

We present black hole solutions in (2+1)-dimensional Einstein’s theory of gravity coupled with Born–Infeld (BI) nonlinear electrodynamic and a massless self-interacting scalar field. The model has five free parameters: mass $M$, cosmological constant $\ell$, electric $q$ and scalar $r_0$ charges and BI parameter $\beta$. To attain exact solution for such a highly nonlinear system we adjust, i.e. finely tune, the parameters of the theory with the integration constants. In the limit $\beta \to 0$, we recover the results of Einstein–Maxwell–Scalar theory, obtained before. The self-interacting potential admits finite minima apt for the vacuum contribution. Hawking temperature of the model is investigated versus properly tuned parameters. By employing this tuned-solution as basis, we obtain also a dynamic solution which in the proper limit admits the known solution in Einstein gravity coupled with self-interacting scalar field. Finally, we establish the equations of a general scalar–tensor field coupled to nonlinear electrodynamics (NED) field in 2+1 dimensions without searching for exact solutions.

We investigate cylindrically symmetric spacetimes in the context of $f(R)$ gravity. We firstly attain conformal symmetry of the cylindrically symmetric spacetime. We obtain solutions to use features of the conformal symmetry, field equations and their solutions for cylindrically symmetric spacetime filled with various cosmic matters such as vacuum state, perfect fluid, anisotropic fluid, massive scalar field and their combinations. With the vacuum state solutions, we show that source of the spacetime curvature is considered as Casimir effect. Casimir force for given spacetime is found using Wald’s axiomatic analysis. We expose that the Casimir force for Boulware, Hartle–Hawking and Unruh vacuum states could have attractive, repulsive and ineffective features. In the perfect fluid state, we show that matter form of the perfect fluid in given spacetime must only be dark energy. Also, we offer that potential of massive and massless scalar field are developed as an exact solution from the modified field equations. All solutions of field equations for vacuum case, perfect fluid and scalar field give a special $f(R)$ function convenient to $\Lambda$-CDM model. In addition to these solutions, we introduce conformal cylindrical symmetric solutions in the cases of different $f(R)$ models. Finally, geometrical and physical results of the solutions are discussed.

In this paper, we consider the Klein–Gordon equation in a 3D charged rotating hairy black hole background to study behavior of a massive scalar field. In the general case, we find periodic-like behavior for the scalar field which may vanish at the black hole horizon or far from the black hole horizon. For the special cases of non-rotating or near horizon approximation, we find radial solution of Klein–Gordon equation in terms of hypergeometric and Kummer functions. Also for the case of uncharged black hole, we find numerical solution of the Klein–Gordon equation as periodic function which may enhance out of the black hole or vanish at horizon. We find allowed boundary conditions which may yield to the identical bosons described by scalar field.

In this paper, we study the problem of scalar particle production in external electric field in de Sitter geometry. The total probability is calculated using the previously obtained result in [M. A. Băloi, Mod. Phys. Lett. A29, 1450138 (2014)] for transition amplitude in external electric field on de Sitter space. Then we make a graphical study of the total probability in terms of the ratio mass of the particle/expansion factor. Our results show that the probability depend on the direction in which the particles are emitted and that the probability becomes maximum when particles are emitted on the direction of the electric field. In the Minkowski limit, we obtain that the probability is vanishing.

Non-minimally coupled scalar field cosmology has been studied in this work within the framework of Einstein gravity. In the background of homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann–Lemaitre–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) spacetime non-minimally coupled scalar field having self-interacting potential is taken as the source of the matter content. The constraint of imposing Noether symmetry on the Lagrangian of the system not only determines the infinitesimal generator (the symmetry vector) but also the coupling function and the self-interacting potential for the scalar field. By choosing appropriately a point transformation in the augmented space, one of the transformed variables is cyclic for the Lagrangian. Finally, using constants of motion, the solutions are analyzed.

Recently, a model of modified gravity plus single scalar field was proposed, in which the scalar couples both to the standard Riemannian volume form given by the square root of the determinant of the Riemannian metric, as well as to another non-Riemannian volume form given in terms of an auxiliary maximal rank antisymmetric tensor gauge field. This model provides an exact unified description of both dark energy (via dynamically generated cosmological constant) and dark matter (as a “dust” fluid due to a hidden nonlinear Noether symmetry).

In this paper, we test the model against Supernovae type Ia experimental data and investigate the future Universe evolution which follows from it. Our results show that this model has very interesting features allowing various scenarios of Universe evolution and in the same time perfectly fits contemporary observational data. It can describe exponentially expanding or finite expanding Universe and moreover, a Universe with phase transition of first kind. The phase transition occurs to a new, emerging at some time ground state with lower energy density, which affects significantly the Universe evolution.

We study scalar field FLRW cosmology in the content of f(R) gravity. Our consideration is restricted to the spatially flat Friedmann universe. We derived the general evolution equations of the model, and showed that the scalar field equation is automatically satisfied for any form of the f(R) function. We also derived representations for kinetic and potential energies, as well as for the acceleration in terms of the Hubble parameter and the form of the f(R) function. Next we found the exact cosmological solutions in modified gravity without specifying the f(R) function. With negligible acceleration of the scalar curvature, we found that the de Sitter inflationary solution is always attained. Also we obtained new solutions with special restrictions on the integration constants. These solutions contain oscillating, accelerating, decelerating and even contracting universes. For further investigation, we selected special cases which can be applied with early or late inflation. We also found exact solutions for the general case for the model with negligible acceleration of the scalar curvature in terms of special Airy functions. Using initial conditions which represent the universe at the present epoch, we determined the constants of integration. This allows for the comparison of the scale factor in the new solutions with that for current stage of the universe evolution in the $\mathrm{\Lambda }$CDM model.