Narrow Results

Based on the virtual soil pile model, this study investigates the torsional vibration of rock-socketed piles while considering the influence of bottom sediment. First, the bottom sediment is perceived as a virtual soil pile, however, its parameters are still determined according to the characteristics of the sediment. The pile, along with the virtual soil pile, is partitioned vertically into numerous segments in accordance to the stratified characteristics of the rock and soil around the pile. To account for the radial inhomogeneity arising from construction disturbance, the surrounding soil is divided into multiple annular zones characterized by progressively varied soil properties in the radial direction. The governing equations which delineate the soil-pile system under torsional dynamic loading are subsequently formulated and solved to yield an analytical solution for pile complex impedance. After ensuring reliability, the established analytical solution is employed to examine the coupling effect of bottom sediment parameters, pile parameters, and construction disturbance on the torsional vibration characteristics of rock-socketed piles.

In cooperation with the Shanghai Environmental Specimen Bank (SESB) research project and in support of the Shanghai government's comprehensive plan to harness the Suzhou River, we collected water and sediment samples in the every spring season since 1998. The elemental analysis of sediment and water samples was performed by the PIXE technique using the 3 × 2 MeV NEC Tandem accelerator at the Taipei Institute of Physics. The characterization of á and â radioactive levels for water and sediment samples was performed using BH1216, low-background, radioactivity instrument at the Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research. PIXE results showed that the content of Cl, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn and Pb in river water gradually decreased with the rising tide. At high tide, their concentrations were minimum, and then once again increased toward the ebb tide. The analysis also demonstrated that the radioactivity of water samples had been gradually decreasing year by year. It was found that the decreasing rate of á radioactivity was a little quicker than that of â radioactivity. Further aspects of environmental data evaluation and assessment are also discussed in detail.

A quasi-three-dimensional mathematical model has been developed to study the morphological processes based on equilibrium sediment transport method. The flow velocities are computed by a two-dimensional horizontal depth-averaged flow model (H2D) in combination with logarithmic velocity profiles. The transport of sediment particles by a flow water has been considered in the form of bed load and suspended load. The bed load transport rate is defined as the transport of particles by rolling and saltating along the bed surface and is given by the Van Rijn relationship (1987). The equilibrium suspended load transport is described in terms of an equilibrium sediment concentration profile (ce) and a logarithmic velocity (u). Based on the equilibrium transport, the bed change rate is given by integration of the sediment mass-balance equation. The model results have been compared with a Van Rijn results (equilibrium approach) and good agreement has been found.

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Based on the data of heavy metals (including total Hg, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr and As) in 17 samples in the sediment of Lai Zhou Bay in the year of 2014, the distribution of heavy metals in the sea area and degree of sediment pollution were researched. With Hakanson’s method, potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the sediment of Lai Zhou Bay was primarily assessed. The results demonstrated that the horizontal distribution of total Hg, As, Cd, Pb decreasing from center of Lai Zhou Bay to its west and south and the Yellow River Estuary. The horizontal distribution of Zn increased from northwest to southeast, Cu decreased from offshore to inshore, Cr decreased from inshore to the center of Lai Zhou Bay. Parameter of pollution metals on sediment was lower than 1, the value of RI was among 233.3˜35.1, indicating that the degree of pollution of heavy metals on the sediment and its ecological risk were low. The pollutants in the order of impacting the extent of ecological risk were Cd >Hg >As> Cu> Pb>Cr >Zn.

Aiming at the siltation problem at the waterway in the east branch of the Daliao River Estuary, the two-dimensional tidal current sediment numerical model has been established based on the analysis of hydrodynamic and sediment characteristics. In combination with the experience of channel governing of the Daliao River Estuary, three regulation schemes have been compared by using numerical model. The results show that there is a small influence on hydrodynamic force in the Daliao River after training works and dredging is not sufficient to maintain the channel flow. After building eastern and western jetties, the maximum thickness of sediment siltation in channels is only 0.62 m/a and the regulation effects are relatively good.

Sediment quality strongly depends on organic matter conditions in the sediment, thus identifying organic matter conditions in sediment is very necessary. The thermal analysis (TG/DTA) is widely used to understand the ignition characteristic of sediment. It has been reported that different types of organic matter have different exoergic temperatures. Unfortunately, no any TG/DTA analysis standard has been proposed for sediment analysis. In other words, TG/DTA analysis of sediment is different from a study to another study. This study is aiming at proposal of TG/DTA analysis for identifying organic matter conditions in sediment. Different sediments collected from different littoral regions in Japan were used in the TG/DTA analysis. The sediments were first oven dried, and then were passed through 75-μm sieve. The sediments with and without passing through 75-μm sieve were used in the analysis. In the analysis, different weights (10 to 30 mg) of samples were ignited from 25 to 850°C with heating rates of 1, 5, 10, and 20°C /min. It was observed that a more accurate analysis could be obtained when the sediment less than 75-μm was used, specifically for the sediment collected from the littoral region exposed to wastewater discharge. The exothermic peak easily appeared with increasing weight of the sample, which easily identified organic matter conditions in the sediment. Moreover, mass loss on ignition of the sediment burned at ≤5°C /min was higher than that at ≥10°C /min. This ensured that organic matter was incompletely burned at≥10°C /min. It can be concluded from our results that 20-30 mg of sediment passed through 75-μm sieve should be burned at 5°C /min to obtain a more accurate analysis of organic matter conditions in sediment.

In this paper, to display the change of the *hydrodynamic conditions and scouring, the tidal current field and sediment are calculated using the MIKE21 MT module. The results show that the changes to the tidal current field after the completion of the project mainly concentrated on the project area of 1000 m range. At the entrance of the proposed project, the velocity increase, leading to the silt is heavier, up to 1.0 m/a, which need to be protected in the construction in this area. Meanwhile, the siltation inside the harbor increase slightly, but the silting degree is not big, filling in the 0.15 m/a.

Using chemically stable glass beads as tracers, the bioturbation effects of benthic fish loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) on the vertical distribution of sediment particles in paddy field were investigated. Under the bioturbation of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, the distribution of tracers at surface and 6 cm depth of the sediment was measured. After ten days, 43.2% of the glass beads at the sediment surface is transferred downwardly, the maximum transportation depth is 7.5 cm, and the vertical transportation rate is 7.676×10^-4g^-1·cm^-2·d^-1. 39.9% and 9.9% of the glass beads at 6 cm deep are transferred upwards and downwards respectively, the maximum transportation distance is 4.5 cm and 5.1 cm respectively, and the vertical transportation rates are 7.597×10^-4g^-1·cm^-2·d^-1 (upward) and 1.894×10^-4g^-1·cm^-2·d^-1 (downward), respectively. Using profile sampling, macro-group classification and statistical method, the soil animal community in a rice-fish (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) integrated ecosystem was investigated by plot experiment. The dominant groups in soil animal community are Gastropoda, Nematoda, and Enchytraeidae, the common groups are Oribatida, Collemobola, Oligochaeta, Diptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Crustacea, Lepidoptera. Compared with the control plot (without loach), there are more groups but less individuals of soil animal in the riceloach plot. The diversity index and evenness index of soil animals in the rice-loach plot are higher than those in the control plot, while the dominance index is lower. Vertically, soil animals aggregate mainly in soil surface. The benthic fish loach increases the biodiversity and stability of paddy ecosystem. The bioturbation effects of benthic fishplay an important role in vertical distribution of sediment and soil animal community in paddy field. This work can improve our understanding of bioturbation mechanism of benthic animal, and offer evidence for rice-fish compound system and integrated agriculture.