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The medical industry extensively uses nanoparticles for applications such as wound dressing, artificial organ components, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and cardiovascular disease treatment. The incorporation of nanoparticles into the base fluid enhances the rate of heat transmission and additionally decreases blood pressure. This study aims to examine the effects of a new tetra-hybrid nanofluid model, which includes nanoparticles, on the flow of blood through a stenosed artery with a circular shape. Model partial differential equations (PDEs) incorporate phenomena such as thermal radiation and viscous dissipation. Furthermore, we transform these modeled PDEs into dimensionless ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using self-similarity variables and numerically solve the proposed ODEs using the well-established Lobatto IIIa numerical technique. The impact of several dimensionless parameters on the heat transfer rate, skin friction, velocity, and temperature fields has been computed and analyzed using figures and tables. Moreover, we conducted a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigation on a tetra-hybrid nanofluid, using blood as the base fluid. The results indicate that heat transmission is higher in tetra-hybrid nanoparticles compared to tri-hybrid and di-hybrid nanofluids. The volume fraction of nanoparticles in the base fluid increases, resulting in a decrease in the surface drag coefficient and a decrease in the heat transport phenomenon. Amplification in the thermal radiation parameter improves heat transfer, helping to remove toxins and plaque from blood flowing through arteries. An increase in thermal radiation generates excess heat that dilates inflexible arteries, facilitating blood flow. From CFD analysis, it is observed that thermal conduction k and heat transfer coefficient h amplify by improving Reynolds number. Pressure at the outlet interface of the tube decreases from 3058 Pa to 2996 Pa for the case of a 10% volume fraction of nanoparticles. Velocity boundary layer thickness decreases from 1.46 to 1.37 with an increase in the volume fraction of nanoparticles from 1% to 10%. Heat deliverance rate amplifies in the case of tetrahybrid nanofluid 2.5394–2.6147 in contrast to trihybrid nanofluid 2.4008 to 2.4711 by amplifying Rd from 0.7 to 1.1. The surface drag coefficient amplifies by magnifying Re but the Nusselt number diminishes by improving the volume fraction of nanoparticles.

In the present communication, the laminar, incompressible, hydromagnetic flow of an electrically conducting non-Newtonian (Sisko) fluid over a bi-directional stretching sheet in a porous medium is studied theoretically. Thermal radiation flux, homogeneous–heterogeneous chemical reactions and convective wall heating are included in the model. The resultant nonlinear ordinary differential equations with transformed boundary conditions via similarity transformation are then solved with the semi-analytical Adomain Decomposition Method (ADM). Validation with earlier studies is included for the nonradiative case. Extensive visualization of velocity, temperature and species concentration distributions for various emerging parameters is included. Increasing the magnetic field and inverse permeability parameter is observed to decelerate both the primary and secondary velocity magnitudes whereas they increase temperatures in the regime. Increasing sheet stretching ratio weakly accelerates the primary flow throughout the boundary layer whereas it more dramatically accelerates the secondary flow near sheet surface. Temperature is consistently reduced with increasing stretching sheet ratio whereas it is strongly enhanced with greater radiative parameter. With greater Sisko non-Newtonian power-law index the primary velocity and temperature are decreased whereas the secondary velocity is increased. Increasing both homogenous and heterogeneous chemical reaction parameters is found to weakly and more strongly, respectively, deplete concentration magnitudes whereas greater Schmidt number enhances them.

Nanofluid and magnetic field impacts are significant in bioengineering and medical treatment. The effectiveness of gold particles in blood flow (Sisko fluid flow) with nonlinear thermal radiation and heat source over a curved surface is investigated in this work. The partial slip influence is utilized to explore the characteristics of nanofluid flow in depth. The Sisko model’s first-order partial differential equations (PDEs) are simplified to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by employing suitable variables. The findings are displayed by using the bvp4c (shooting approach) in MATLAB. When compared to earlier reports, the accuracy is found to be satisfactory. In addition to the influence of a magnetic field and radiation, although both are useful in therapeutic hyperthermia, the magnetic field reduces the velocity distribution. The velocity profile is boomed for the estimations of slip parameter while declined for the suction parameter. The thermal profile is boosted up for the higher magnitude of temperature ratio parameter and Biot number. The thermal profile is decreased for the greater values of the suction parameter while increases for the heat source parameter.

In this paper, the combined heat and mass transfer of mixed convection, non-similar Sisko fluid flow in the presence of a magnetic field is studied. The combined effects of thermal radiation and heat generation/absorption are examined for Sisko fluid flow via local non-similar method. For the radiative heat transfer, Rosseland approximation model is used. The governing partial differential equations of the present problem are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by employing the Sparrow–Quack–Boerner local non-similarity method (LNM). The obtained equations are then numerically investigated by utilizing the bvp4c function in MATLAB. The impact of different supervising parameters on the velocity, temperature, skin friction and rate of heat transfer is performed graphically. It is observed that the velocity is more for a higher rate of the buoyancy force parameter while it is less for opposing buoyancy fluid. The thermal boundary layer thickness for the shear thickening fluids is smaller than the shear thinning fluids.

Thermal analysis is carried out on the flow of Sisko fluid over Riga curved stretching sheet in the presence of Lorentz force and heat energy application. Heat transmission is supported by considering Prescribed Heat Flux (PHF) and Surface temperature (PST). This study explores the role of fluids in solving various bioengineering problems and opportunities for clinical measures to treat blood-related diseases. It has been concluded that medical science requires the Sisko model to be explored in understanding blood transfusion problems. Mathematical modeling yields complex partial differential equations, which are transformed into ordinary differential equations via appropriate transformations. The outcome of these parameters is observed and explored for the best match that suits our defined boundary conditions. Numerical solutions are obtained using the Matlab function bvp4c, setting default tolerance for better approximate solutions. Impacts of associated parameters on various profiles are elaborated with tables and graphs. Temperature (PST) reduces by enrichment in Pr. A higher Prandtl number indicates that temperature disturbances spread more slowly through the fluid. This means that the temperature near the surface takes longer to reach equilibrium with the bulk fluid temperature, leading to a decrease in the surface temperature. The temperature (PHF) become declines by enlarging values of Pr. The Prandtl number determines the ratio of momentum diffusivity to thermal diffusivity. A higher value of Prandtl number indicates lower thermal diffusivity, which can result in a thicker thermal boundary layer.

This paper looks at the dissipative heat transfer on the peristaltic flow of a Sisko fluid in an asymmetric channel. Flow exhibits slip at the channel walls maintained at nonuniform temperatures. Long wavelength approximation is utilized and perturbation solutions are obtained about Sisko fluid parameter. Closed form solutions for the stream function, axial pressure gradient, axial velocity, temperature and the heat transfer coefficient are presented. Influences of various interesting parameters are presented in graphical and tabular forms. Pumping and trapping phenomena are discussed for increasing velocity slip parameter. A comparative study on temperature and heat transfer coefficient for viscous, shear thinning and shear thickening fluids has been presented. Comparisons for viscous fluid are found in good agreement.