Narrow Results

An overview is given on results from direct and indirect measurements of galactic cosmic rays. Their implications on the contemporary understanding of the origin of cosmic rays and the knee in their energy spectrum are discussed.

The dynamics of perturbations around sinks and sources of traveling waves (TW) is studied in the cubic-quintic Ginzburg–Landau equation from an analytical point of view. Perturbations generically propagate in a direction opposite to the TW. Thus, a sink of TW is a source of perturbations and vice versa. For small values of time we predict there is a lower bound for the group velocity. For large values of time we predict the asymptotic value of the group velocity of the wave packet. Both predictions are in good agreement with direct numerical simulations.

Ongoing experimental efforts to detect cosmic sources of high energy neutrinos are guided by the expectation that astrophysical accelerators of cosmic ray protons also generate high energy neutrinos through their interactions with ambient matter and/or photons. However the predicted neutrino flux is reduced if cosmic ray sources accelerate not only protons but also a significant number of heavier nuclei, as is indicated by recent air shower data. I consider two plausible extragalactic class of sources, active galactic nuclei and gamma-ray bursts, and demand consistency with the observed cosmic ray composition and energy spectrum at Earth after allowing for propagation through intergalactic radiation fields. This allows me to calculate the degree of photo-disintegration and pion production expected to occur in these sources, and hence the neutrino fluxes from them.

Many studies in new product development (NPD) single out the use of information (especially market information) as a key predictor of NPD performance, but knowledge is lacking about what type of information is needed in each phase of the NDP process to enable high NPD performance. Based on a literature review and a pilot case study, this article increases the understanding of managing information in NPD. It is argued that the capability of managing information consists of three components: acquiring, sharing, and using information. By focusing on three different phases of the NPD process, 11 propositions regarding which information, information sources and means of cross-functional integration patterns that are most important to high NPD performance have been derived in each respective phase. In addition, the article also discusses antecedents and consequences of managing information. The article concludes with implications for managers, identifies limitations and proposes an agenda for further research into this area.

It is at present well known that conditions at some massive binary systems allow acceleration of particles and production of the GeV-TeV γ-rays. However, which particles are responsible for this emission and what radiation processes are engaged is at present not completely clear. We discuss what parameters can determine the acceleration process of particles and high energy radiation produced by them within massive binary systems.

We summarize the session MGAT7, Gravitational fields with sources. The session focused on exact solutions of the field equations (Einstein’s or alternative) with physically interesting matter sources.

In this chapter, a brief introduction is presented to radioactive pollution and its management. Both natural and artificial sources of radiation are discussed with special attention to the relative importance of each source. In addition, radioactive isotope applications in tracing, radiography, insect control, food preservation, medical diagnoses, therapy, sterilization, and power generation are briefly described. Sources of radioactive pollution are identified including nuclear weapon tests, nuclear accidents, routine effluent release into the environment, and radioactive waste. Radioactive pollution prevention measures are presented including: treaties, regulations and standards, and technical methods to control pollution. The risk-informed regulatory process is briefly described, along with the technical methods to control radioactive wastes via site selection criteria, design of radioactive waste disposal facilities, and performance assessment.