Narrow Results

Let A and B be two maximal abelian *-subalgebras of the n × n complex matrices M_n(ℂ). To study the movement of the automorphisms of M_n(ℂ), we modify the Connes–Størmer relative entropy H(A|B) and the Connes relative entropy H_ϕ(A|B) with respect to a state ϕ, and introduce the two kinds of the constant h(A|B) and h_ϕ(A|B). For the unistochastic matrix b(u) defined by a unitary u with B = uAu*, we show that h(A|B) is the entropy H(b(u)) of b(u). This is obtained by our computation of h_ϕ(A|B). The h(A|B) attains to the maximal value log n if and only if the pair {A, B} is orthogonal in the sense of Popa.

Let Φ be a positive unital Tr-preserving map on M_n(ℂ). We give various characterizations for Φ to preserve the von Neumann entropy of a state ρ on M_n(ℂ). Among others, it is given by that Φ behaves to ρ as a *-automorphism. This is also equivalent to that the entropy of the stochastic matrix arising from {ρ, Φ} is zero.

This paper argues that the role of the state becomes more important in some significant respects as the pace of globalization accelerates, contrary to the popular perception that it should be diminished. This is mainly because, as mobile factors obtain more freedom to choose locations across national borders, the role of the state as the ultimate provider of "complementary assets" in attracting mobile factors to a national economy becomes more important. The paper also argues that the very success of Singapore's complementing strategy in the era of globalization has necessitated the state to move to a two-pronged strategy, in which it needs to attempt seriously to acquire higher-end capabilities that are securely based on its territory, while trying to exploit ever-expanding complementary business areas as it has done previously.

π⁺π^- transitions of heavy quarkonia, especially the ϒ(3S)→ϒ(1S)π⁺π^- decay process are studied. An effective Lagrangian is employed and the S wave ππ final state interaction (FSI) is included in the framework of the Chiral Unitary Theory (ChUT). It is found that when an additional intermediate state with J^P=1⁺ and I=1 is introduced, the experimental data can be well-explained, and a consistent description of bottomonium π⁺π^- transitions can be obtained. As a consequence, the mass and the width of the intermediate state are predicted. From the quark content analysis, this state should be a state.

Time and energy is expended in switching between power modes (e.g., active, hibernate, sleep, etc.). Powering off cache is one major reason for this. When there is a switch in the power-mode involving cache power-off, the system spends time and energy in filling the cache with new data (inherent cache misses). In our technique, before powering off the cache, we save its state in Embedded DRAM and bring it back when the previous power mode is restored. Our experiments have showed that in a majority of cases the cache contents are too valuable to be erased. By saving the contents we can reduce switching speed and energy. We present a heuristic to save the most relevant cache contents so that power and delay overheads are minimized. To measure the area overhead a synthesizable VHDL model was designed.

We show that every state ω on a lattice effect algebra E induces a uniform topology on E. If ω is subadditive this topology coincides with pseudometric topology induced by ω. Further, we show relations between the interval and order topology on E and topologies induced by states.

We introduce and study a notion of Λ-freeness, which generalises both freeness and independence in the context of noncommutative probability. In particular, we extend Voiculescu's construction of the free product of representations of unital *-algebras. A central limit theorem is also proved.

The lack of resources in routers will become a crucial issue with the deployment of state storing protocols. In particular, single or any source multicast protocols will most probably take over large amounts of resources for maintaining multicast tree information. The aim of this paper is to study the possibility and benefit of using multiple shortest paths in order for a new member to reach a multicast tree. Such a mechanism would not reduce the overall amount of state information in the network but it would distribute this amount more evenly among all routers. The idea is to use alternate shortest paths provided by the underlying unicast routing protocol to avoid saturated routers, that is, routers that can not or do not want to store any more multicast state information. As the simulation results are very sensitive to the topology, we have used subgraphs of an Internet map. We have then simulated our multipath join mechanism and have found that depending on the tree size, the use of our mechanism can increase successful join attempts by up to 55% when the network is half saturated.

This paper discusses organisational innovation among state, private, foreign and joint-stock enterprises with focus on leadership and resource which are expected as key factors to innovation. Data drawn from a survey with more than 600 respondents in most industrialised regions in Vietnam is analysed. The finding shows that higher educational level of respondents in state enterprises has negative relationship with all kinds of innovation. State enterprises absorb large amount of funding from government budget but still need more financial resource to generate innovation. However, private and foreign companies do not require more financial capital but they need human capital that is leaders owning transformational characteristics, motivation and ability of building organisational culture to generate organisational innovation. This current research proposes that authorities in these enterprises are suggested to use financial capital in appropriate time only otherwise they should use other tool to do innovation in their organisations.

After reading this chapter you should have a general understanding of how International Water Law has developed and how it fits within the field of international law. You should also have gained a basic understanding of some of the ways in which countries have attempted to use International Water Law to serve their interests.

A new method of investigating the so-called quasilinear strongly-damped wave equations is proposed in this paper, concerned with controllability in a steady state for the Quasilinear Wave Equations with weak decay. A so-called energy perturbation method to establish weak controllability of solutions in terms of energy norm for a class of nonlinear functions is presented. This method establishes the existence and uniqueness of energy solutions and the existence of finite-dimensional global and exponential attractors for the solution semigroup associated with that equation and their additional regularity. Controllability in a steady state with the help of differential inequalities by estimating the relationship between energy inequalities and attenuating property of weak solutions is demonstrated. A small positive number is determined and derived differential inequalities by using a perturbation of energy.

The access control of Serial compensation monitoring IED is a key chain in online monitoring system of serial compensation station. The article researches on the serial compensation station condition monitoring IED based on IEC61850 access process, the communication pattern between monitoring IED and the monitoring host and the modeling method of monitoring IED IEC61850. It also gives the information model and introduces the technology of real-time monitoring IED and historical data processing, and finally presents the implementation method.

The state, civil ruling elites and commoners are three basic structural elements of society. The relatively stable and interactive relationships among them are one of the basic frameworks of societal structure. As an important aspect of structural social changes, the evolution of this interactive relationship tends to exert wide and far-reaching influences on social life. Traditional China formed a three-tier social structure of state, civil ruling elites and commoners; but after Song Dynasty, the three-tier structure experienced a major change on the part of the mainstay of civil ruling elites, which had been the middle tier, the gentry-landlord group replaced the aristocrat-landlord group. Ever since the end of Qing Dynasty, China has been in want of a force that can reshape the basic institutional framework of society lacking inner stability. The result of this need is the formation of a total crisis represented by the integration of crisis. In the rivalry to solve the total crisis between the Communist Party of China (CPC) and Kuomintang, the former triumphed and secured the state power in the mainland and built a total society to respond to the total crisis. Before the reform and opening up, Chinese society formed a two-tier structure of state-commoners, and the state monopolized the distribution of most resources; after the reform, with the formation of “free-flowing resources” and “free activity space”, China has started forming a new middle tier and reshaping the three-tier structure: the state, civil ruling elites and commoners.

Quantitative logic is a new research direction in fuzzy logic and approximate reasoning, which is proposed and used to build new frameworks of approximate reasoning. This paper discusses the relationship between the theory and the state theory. We try to built a bridge between the both theories.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the existence of states on residuated lattices. We prove that a residuated lattice L has a state if and only if L has an MV-filter. We also establish that L has a state-morphism if and only if L has a maximal MV-filter.