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In recent years, there has been a growing debate on the contributions to innovation contexts. This research aims to analyze the differences emerging from the conceptualization of contexts in the “innovation ecosystem” (IE) and its linkages to the innovation system (IS) and network concepts and depict the current research trends in innovation and their expected evolution.

Our methodological choice is a bibliometric analysis as it allows us to review and focus on the theoretical proposals by the scholars in detail. The research process has been conducted through a co-word analysis on the authors’ keywords as this approach is considered to be the most suitable to compare the dynamics of different research trends on a specific topic. The analysis was performed in two steps: the first based on all the research papers collected and the second based on a sub-dataset extrapolated from the main datasets on IS and innovation network (IN) literatures.

The results demonstrate that both IS and IN research streams are, in some ways, connected with the IE perspective. The definitions and concepts used in the IS and IN literatures have been identified as replicated in the ecosystem approach even if specific insights have been generated.

This chapter begins by addressing the food, energy, and water trilemma. A critique of the impact of neoliberalism that traces the transition from industrial to financial capitalism follows. The trade-off arising from improvements in living standards and environmental impact is then explored. In a context where socioeconomic and cultural differences result in conflicting views of what is virtuous, there is a problem of trust. The central proposition is that a new frame grounded in New Institutional Economics (NIE) is required. Fintech and distributed ledger technology (DLT) offer a unique way of building the essential institutional infrastructure required to overcome the problem of trust. Examples showing how fintech can address climate change follow. Whilst these initiatives are to be applauded, new international institutional infrastructure is required to enable fintech to realise its potential. Examples of future possibilities are presented. The chapter concludes by making the case for a new paradigm that prioritises international cooperation because unrestrained competition will lead to rising temperatures, mass migrations, and the collapse of civilisation as we know it.

Smart wearable is expected to give the elderly more peace of mind and experience in a comfortable home environment. This not only satisfies their desire to live relatively independently, but also avoids the waste of resources caused by the lack of timely detection and feedback of aging and health problems, and contributes to the sustainable development of society. In order to meet the current demand for high development of smart wearable products for the elderly at home, and to lay out the limited design resources on the key design factors so as to enhance the consumer experience, a design element system is constructed from a sustainable perspective. The textual measures of academic literature and product evaluations are used to analyze the relevant theoretical foundations and the current state of the market category products. Based on this, the user’s needs at the instinctive, behavioral and reflective levels are captured through expert panel interviews, and the initial requirement importance is calculated. The QFD quality house model is used to translate the needs into design factors and score them based on the relationship degree of the needs, and finally construct the design factor system of smart wearable for the elderly at home in a sustainable perspective.

The characteristic variation of heating coefficients (k = ΔT/ΔP°C/W) of Pt(H)–Ni electrolytic system with K₂CO₃ and Na₂CO₃ solutions was studied in both situations of electric and electrolytic heating, respectively. The results in equilibrium revealed that there was an obvious difference of k in electrolytic-heating (Δk ≈ 30°C/W, k_K2CO3 > k_Na2CO3) between these two systems, whereas there was a little difference of k in electric heating (Δk ≈ 2°C/W, k_K2CO3 < k_Na2CO3 between them. “Excess heat” of about 2.5 × 10⁴J was produced during electrolysis of K₂CO₃ solution over 1 day of electrolysis. The differences of K₂CO₃ solution after electrolysis in the potential of hydrogen value (ΔpH = 0.15) and in absorbency (ΔA = 0.108) implied that some new Ca²⁺ might have formed in the electrolytic system.

The problem in defining generalization is considered by examining some core aspects, such as (a) the extent of the domain of validity of a property, (b) the transformation between different non-equivalent representations and (c) the respective representations of different observers and their relationships, i.e., a dynamic theory of relationships between levels of observation as introduced by the Dynamic Usage of Models (DYSAM). The purpose of this paper is to better clarify the conceptual framework of generalization in order to be able to set the context for a General Theory of Emergence as meta-theory, using models of models (as for logical openness) and interacting hierarchies. After considering some approaches used to generalize and focussing upon the purpose of General System Theory for generalizing, we examine some concrete approaches, such as DYSAM, for building up a General Theory of Emergence with specific theories of disciplinary emergence as particular cases.

The aim of this chapter is to apply Systems Theory – Systems Science – to Ontologies. The subject matter is given a modern context. The chapter contains a brief description of Systems Theory, which today has become what is known as Systems Science. Subsequently, Systems Science and systems are defined, as well as the links that are responsible for the correct function of a system, known as vectors. Ontologies will be discussed, along with their various definitions and characteristics. This chapter will be based on the premise that Ontology is a complex, conceptual, empirical classification system. An Ontology is structured like a system in which the principal and primary node is the word. A summary will be made of how this system should be constructed, concentrating on the vectors that help the system function. This will be illustrated with an example.

When we do usual Computation in Science, especially in Metrology, we assume that we do Mathematics. This is only partly true in spite of the fact that database handling and data processing are most important indeed. The field of Measurement plus Observation is much more entangled with Mathematics. The following survey “Metrology and Mathematics” will focus on selected ideas, concepts, rules, models, and structures, each of which is of a basic mathematical nature. When doing this, it is not surprising at all that most theoretical and applicational requirements in the field can be reduced to just a few basic logical and mathematical structures. This is also true for complex processes in fields like humanity and society. Signal and System Theory (SST) supports this claim. However, such an endeavour asks for an orderly and consistent definition of quantities and processes and of their mathematical models, called signals and systems. These models represent all kinds of issues, items, and phenomena in the real world. The term model indicates the superordinate means of mathematical description, observation, and representation in Science and Technology. The question arises, what the role of Logic and Mathematics looks like in detail. The term structure will be consistently pivotal. And, as is generally known, structures are best visualised by graphical means, here called Signal Relation Graphs (SRG).

In this paper, the satisfiability theorem, compactness theorem and decidability theorem for the system are proved, which pefects the theoretical system of . Moreover, necessary and sufficient conditions for Σ_Γ-truth degree and conditional truth degree existing are given by the satisfiability theorem.

The Internet of Things is a new type of technical system combining various types of information technology, the application of Internet of Things in agriculture meets the requirement of modern agriculture development and represents the orientation of future agriculture. In this article the Internet of Things system in agriculture is analyzed according to its systematic structure including its perception level, transmission level and application level and perception level, the sensor is the core of this level, multidimensional agricultural information can be obtained by advanced technology such as sensing and remote sensing about crops, soil and environment etc. The transmission level consists of wireless transmission network combing wireless transmission methods such as Zigbee, GPRS, WIFI and Bluetooth and network technology. The application level involves in intelligent management of agriculture including multi-dimensional information integration, intelligent decision and automatic control. The orientation of research and development is shown for the Internet of Things system in agriculture in this article. Its development will bring a brand-new reform for modern agriculture and realize agricultural automation and intellectualization.

Firstly, the theory and techniques of the CET4 Diagnostic Practice System were analyzed. Secondly, the architecture and development mode of the system has been determined and the main functional modules has been designed detailedly. Last, the implementation of system architecture has been elaborated on the basis of the development environment and tools. This system is a kind of deep practice and innovation on CET-4, aimed at learners can receive personalized learning guidance and targeted diagnostic evaluation according to their characteristics, thus improving the standard of English learners and learning ability, so it has a wide range of prospect and practical value.