Narrow Results

Innovation is an ever-increasing focus for modern organizations; yet research studies on organizational culture have tended to neglect this aspect. This paper specifies the key factors characterising a company's innovation culture and examines the top managers' executed impact as organizational leaders from the individual perspective on implementing and fostering it in their respective organizations. Based on a conceptual framework, the empirically identified key factors of the (1) formal embedment, (2) climate, (3) incentives and reward allocation, (4) integration into decision process, (5) cross-hierarchical communication and (6) communication style are presented. Within the empirical study, 37 top managers of 21 leading companies in the industries of “fashion and accessories” and “watch and jewelry” were interviewed. The results indicate that the impact of top managers lag behind their potential to advance innovativeness through innovation culture, and the detected deficit represents scope for improvement. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications of the study and its limitations.

Public hospitals established by local governments in Japan are supposed to provide medical care in rural areas, unprofitable medical care, and advanced medical care that is difficult for private hospitals to provide. Public hospitals play a significant role in society, but in recent years, many public hospitals have been running at a loss and are in need of drastic management improvement. The author conducted interviews with 42 public hospital top managers (hospital directors and administrators) from 2017 to 2019 throughout Japan. Based on the results, this chapter presents an analysis of the management control systems of public hospitals, with a particular focus on the financial performance measurement system. It will clarify what kind of financial performance measurement system public hospitals have adopted and how top managers choose to design their financial performance measurement system in response to external institutional pressures.