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A water-soluble porphyrin, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[3,4-bis(carboxymethyleneoxy)phenyl] porphyrin (T3,4BCPP), was successfully labeled with ^99mTc and biodistribution studies were performed in Wistar rats. Scintiimaging and in vivo distribution studies were also carried out in C₆-gliomas and mammary tumor-bearing animals using a gamma camera. Tumor-to-muscle (T/M) ratios were calculated and compared with those obtained with the known tumor-seeking radiopharmaceuticals ^99mTc(V)-DMSA (DMSA = dimercaptosuccinic acid), ^99mTc-citrate and ²⁰¹TlCl. In the case of C₆-gliomas, the ratios were 4.2, 2.2, 4.00 and 3.0; while in the case of C₃H/J mammary tumor, the ratios were 9.4, 8.8, 8.1 and 8.5 for T3,4BCPP, ^99mTc(V)-DMSA, ^99mTc-citrate and ²⁰¹TlCl, respectively. Similar studies were carried out in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU)-induced mammary tumor animals and the T/M ratios obtained were 5.9, 2.0, 5.3 and 3.3 for T3,4BCPP, ^99mTc(V)-DMSA, ^99mTc-citrate and ²⁰¹TlCl, respectively. The radiolabeled photosensitizer could perhaps be used to detect cancer non-invasively and could even prove useful in monitoring the progression/regression of tumors before, during, and after chemotherapy, radiation therapy or photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Interstitial fluid flow (IFF) and blood flow (BF) are analytically derived using the continuity and momentum equations for a cylindrical tumor. We considered a tumor as a rigid porous media with necrotic core, interstitial fluid and two capillaries. The capillaries have two pressures: arterial input and venous output. To describe BF within the capillaries and IFF inside tumor tissues, Poiseuille’s and Darcy’s laws are used. Here, we have divided the tumor into three parts. Our results show that the center of tumor has the maximum interstitial pressure. The pressure reduces toward the first capillary and between two capillaries. The reduction of pressure continues at the outside of the tumor. The effect of tilted external magnetic field is also studied. The results show that the field has a significant effect on the pressure. The magnetic field reduces the drug delivery at the center and exterior parts of the tumor. Furthermore, we have studied the effect of different parameters, such as interstitial resistance, magnetic field and necrotic core, on the interstitial pressure.

Ginseng is a valuable medicinal plant in Asian countries with thousands of years of history. Ginsenosides, one of the active components of ginseng, are considered to be of potential value in the treatment of various diseases. The antitumor effects of ginsenosides, such as Rg3, Rh2, Rg5, and CK, are well known, and their potential mechanisms are thought to be related to inducing apoptosis, enhancing the immune response, reversing drug resistance to chemotherapy, and regulating signaling pathways, such as MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Wnt/$\beta$-catenin, NF-$\kappa$B, ASK-1/JNK, AMPK, and EGFR/Akt/SOX2. On the other hand, ginsenosides also have anti-inflammatory effects, including reducing the release of inflammatory factors, regulating the balance of immune cells, regulating the diversity of intestinal flora, and activating MAPK, NF-$\kappa$B, and NLRP3 inflammasomes. These data suggest that ginsenosides may provide new insights as promising drugs for the treatment of malignant tumors and inflammatory diseases.

Despite their great importance in determining the dynamic evolution of solutions to mathematical models of tumor growth, equilibrium configurations within such models have remained largely unexplored. This was due, in part, to the complexity of the relevant free boundary problems, which is enhanced when the process deviates from radial symmetry. In this paper, we present the results of our investigation on the existence of non-spherical dormant states for a model of non-necrotic vascularized tumors. For the sake of clarity we perform the analysis on two-dimensional geometries, though our techniques are evidently applicable to the full three-dimensional problem. We rigorously show that there is, indeed, an abundance of steady states that are not radially symmetric. More precisely, we prove that at any radially symmetric stationary state with free boundary r=R₀ (which we first show to exist), there begin infinitely many branches of equilibria that bifurcate from and break the symmetry of that radial state. The free boundaries along the bifurcation branches are of the form , where ℓ=2,3,… and |ε|<ε₀; each choice of ℓ and ε determines a non-radial steady configuration.

We consider a procedure for cancer therapy which consists of injecting replication-competent viruses into the tumor. The viruses infect tumor cells, replicate inside them, and eventually cause their death. As infected cells die, the viruses inside them are released and then proceed to infect adjacent tumor cells. However, a major factor influencing the efficacy of virus agents is the immune response that may limit the replication and spread of the replication-competent virus. The competition between tumor cells, a replication-competent virus and an immune response is modelled as a free boundary problem for a nonlinear system of partial differential equations, where the free boundary is the surface of the tumor. In this model, the immune response equation is a semilinear parabolic equation, including a chemotaxis term which is used to describe the movement of the immune response induced by gradients of the infected cell density. Under the assumption that the chemotactic sensitivity coefficient is small compared with the diffusion coefficient of the immune response, we prove the global existence and uniqueness of the solution of this free boundary problem. For large chemotactic coefficient, the global existence is still open.

This paper deals with a procedure for cancer radiovirotherapy which requires not only injection of replication-competent viruses but also administration of radioiodide. The viruses infect tumor cells, replicate inside them and eventually cause their death. As infected cells die, the viruses inside them are released and then proceed to infect adjacent tumor cells. Radioiodide is in a continuous state of flux between the tumor and the remaining part. Iodide undergoes beta particle decay and the emitted beta particles have a significant effect on tumor cells. The combination of virotherapy with radiotherapy has recently been shown to be significantly more effective than treatment with virotherapy alone. Cancer radiovirotherapy can be described by a free boundary problem for a nonlinear system of partial differential equations, where the free boundary is the surface of a tumor. Global existence and uniqueness of solutions to this free boundary problem is proved, and a new explicit parameter condition corresponding to the success of therapy is also found. Furthermore, numerical simulations are given to show that there is an optimal timing for radio-iodine administration, and that there is an optimal dose for the radioactive iodide.

This paper analyzes the ability of different machine learning algorithms to find patterns in the levels of gene expression for the correct classification of the five different types of tumors: breast, colon, kidney, lung, and prostate. The machine learning techniques were selected according to the most used algorithms in the related works: Bayesian method, Decision Trees, and $K$-Nearest Neighbors. Three metrics were applied to test the performance of the classifiers: Precision, Recall, and $F_1$-score. The results of Precision of the algorithms were 95.03% (Bayesian), 96.73% (Decision Trees), and 99.52% ($K$-Nearest Neighbors). A software prototype was developed to classify tumors based on genetic expressions utilizing these three algorithms with satisfactory results.

Background: Surgical techniques for resection of tumors at proximal humerus and scapula has been described in literature along with different classification systems, however, these techniques have not been revised for a while and the classification systems which are currently in use neither respect the difference between bone and soft tissue tumors nor the anatomical location humeral vs scapular. Material and Methods: The author operated on 32 patients with shoulder girdle tumors, all are bone tumors, Ewings sarcoma ($n=14$), Osteosarcoma ($n=6$), Metastatic tumors ($n=6$), GCT ($n=3$), Chondrosarcoma ($n=3$). We assigned two separate classifications to humerus and scapula resection, since surgical approaches, techniques, and reconstruction options are totally different for the both sites. Resection of the humerus is classified into: Type I to Type IV, A: is added to the type when the majority of Deltoid is preserved, and B: when it is sacrificed. And we classify the scapula resection into: Type I to Type III, A: is added to the type when the majority of Deltoid is preserved, and B: when it is sacrificed. In extra articular humerus resection, we found that sacrificing the acromion and coracoid process is not necessary as part of routine resection. Preservation of these structures can improve the cosmetic appearance of the shoulder with at least equal functional outcome. Endoprosthesis was used in 26 patients for reconstruction, osteoarticular allograft was used in 2 patients, and Tichoff Lindberg technique for 4 patients. Results: At 30 month mean follow up period, 2 patients developed local recurrence (osteosarcoma $n=1$, Ewing Sarcoma $n=1$), 2 patients had wound infection, and one patient developed stem loosening. The average MSTS functional score for all patients was 83%. Conclusion: The modification of surgical techniques saved structures which were unnecessarily resected, and kept the integrity of muscles and their attachments which were sacrificed in previously described techniques. This might lead to fewer restrictions during the rehabilitation process and resulted in preservation of the shoulder contour. The new classification system is realistic, separates the humeral resection from the scapular one, easy to be recalled and applicable to all patients.

Nanocarriers that can Kill Tumors with Drugs and DNA.

AUSTRALIA — New Meningococcal Test to Identify Genetic Predisposition

AUSTRALIA — Scientists Discover the Double Life of Proteins

AUSTRALIA — Gene Discovery Offers Cancer Hope

CHINA — The American Psychiatric Association's Awards for Young Scientists Encourage Research Expertise in China

CHINA — DuPont Partners with China to Increase Farm Productivity

CHINA — Deadly Enterovirus Afflicts Chinese Children

CHINA — CAS Researchers Decode Genome of Mosquito-Killing Bacterium

CHINA — CAS, Local Governments to Jointly Set Up a Biomedical Institute in Suzhou

CHINA — Chinese and US Scientists Map Papaya Genes

CHINA — Genzyme to Build New R&D Center in Beijing

INDIA — Avesthagen Launches Bioactive Teestar

INDIA — Scientists Find Kala-azar Protein

INDIA — Bayer Launches Disease-Resistant Hybrid Rice Arize Dhani

INDIA — SCHOTT Forms Pharmaceutical Joint Venture in India

INDIA — IIT Mumbai Develops Chip to Detect Myocardial Infarction

INDIA — Tamil Nadu Plans Poison Treatment Center in Every District

INDIA — RFCL Opens Integrated Manufacturing Plant in India

JAPAN — Pfizer to Launch Champix^® – The First Prescription Oral Smoking Cessation Aid in the Country

NEW ZEALAND — Asthma Linked to High Fat Diet

PHILIPPINES — Surge in Dengue Cases in the Philippines

SOUTH KOREA — Bird Flu Outbreaks Spread in South Korea

SINGAPORE — Edwards Lifesciences Opens Its First Heart Valve Manufacturing Facility in Singapore

SINGAPORE — Bioimaging and Stem Cell Research in Singapore gets a Million Dollar Boost from Latest Grant Calls by A*STAR

SINGAPORE — Maccine Receives Bio-Industry Award for Best Preclinical or Clinical CRO in Asia

TAIWAN — New Group for Biomedical Electronics Established

TAIWAN — Stroke Evaluation Indicator Discovered

VIETNAM — Vietnam Bird Flu Vaccine Returns Positive Results

Taking One for the Girls – Meina Lee tells APBN why boys might want to consider taking the cervical cancer vaccine.

Catching Cancer Early By Dr Achim Plum.

APBN speaks with Dr Axel Ullrich, research director of the Singapore OncoGenome Project at A*STAR's Institute of Medical Biology and director of Molecular Biology at the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, who sheds more light on the cancer challenges ahead.

APBN speaks to Professor Soo Khee Chee, director of National Cancer Center, about the much dreaded disease.

APBN chats with Dr Susan Lim, who is widely known in Asia and Singapore for being the first surgeon to have performed a successful liver transplant.

Cancer Research in Asia Pacifc by Serene Ong.

CSIRO and Circadian Collaborate in Oncology R&D.

Successful Trials in Bone Marrow Regeneration Using Cord Blood.

Pfizer China and BMP Sunstone Venture into Women's Healthcare Product.

Novartis Acquires Zhejiang Tianyuan to Expand Human Vaccines Presence in China.

Carbon Nanotechnology for Target Drug Delivery System Launched in India.

Cipla Launches Antiflu to Combat Influenza.

Tokyo CRO and Ecron Acunova in Alliance to Strengthen Global Network.

World's First Oral Jelly for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment.

Leading Japanese and Swedish Biotech Firms Seal Antibody Deal.

Caduet^® Combination Tablets Launched in Japan.

Spectrum Teams Up with Korea's Handok on Apaziquone.

Biologics, CEVEC Sign Agreement for Using Human CAP Technology.

Chaperone Technologies and MerLion Pharmaceuticals in Antimicrobials Collaboration.

Quintiles Expands Asia-Pacific Headquarters in Singapore.

NCKU and ScinoPharm Taiwan Establish University-Industry Cooperation.

AUSTRALIA – IVF Treatment Linked to Tumours.

AUSTRALIA – GAT-1 Drives Withdrawal Symptoms.

AUSTRALIA – Winners of Student Excellence Awards Showcase Australia's Promising Future in Bio-Sciences.

AUSTRALIA – Asthma Treatment Hope After Genetic Discovery.

CHINA – Scientists Make Human Blood Protein from Rice.

CHINA – India and China Enter Lucrative Biotech Drugs Foray.

CHINA – Antibiotics Heavily Overused in China.

CHINA – Supplements in China Found to Contain Vet Drugs.

INDIA – Health Benefits of Indian Herbs Need Global Focus.

KOREA – Stem Cell Breakthrough May Lead to Cure for Parkinson's and Diabetes.

KOREA – Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Poses Public Health Risk in N. Korea.

KOREA – Drug firm GSK fined US$2.6m for Collusion.

SINGAPORE – Platforms for Singapore, Europe Scientists to Collaborate.

SINGAPORE – Singapore Experts and Japanese Chemical Leaders Share Green Innovations for Industry.

OTHER REGIONS — NCKU Professor Receives Korea's Research Award.

OTHER REGIONS — Rejuvenated Stemcells Coaxed from Centenarian.

OTHER REGIONS — 'Promising' Step for World's First Malaria Vaccine.

AUSTRALIA – Centipede venom could lead to new class of pain drug.

AUSTRALIA – Artificial nerves in prosthetic limbs to restore touch: study.

SINGAPORE – Singapore scientists lead in the discovery of gene responsible for fatal drug allergy.

SINGAPORE – ‘Jekyll-and-Hyde’ protein determines life and death of cancer cells.

SINGAPORE – A*STAR researchers create novel assay to test for epigenetic abnormalities in pre-implanted mice embryos.

SINGAPORE – New hydrogel from IBN and IBM improves delivery of anti-cancer drug.

EUROPE – Novel family of natural products antibiotics with broad spectrum against Gram-negative pathogens.

NEPAL – Blood proteins could help monitor malnutrition.

UK – Developing world faces breast cancer surge, study suggests.

US – Positive signs for malaria vaccine based on GM parasite.

US – Could one cancer test find unrelated tumors?

US – Study suggests blood test can differentiate between benign lung nodules and early stage lung cancer.

US – New data obtained from Parkinson's disease program.

US – Research study on PAZ320 initiated at University of Minnesota.

US – 3D printed structures reveal bacterial ‘chit-chat’.

JAPAN – Waseda University team sheds light on self-organization of biological structures.

SINGAPORE – Unravelling the mind-body connection with power-efficient IC chip jointly developed by A*STAR IME, NTU and NUS.

SINGAPORE – A*STAR scientists bring to light mechanism of drug for infections.

SINGAPORE – A*STAR scientists uncover potential drug target to nip cancer in the bud.

THAILAND – Leaders in fight against typhoid express hope in light of new vaccines.

THE PHILIPPINES – GM corn ‘benefits poor more than richer farmers’.

THE PHILIPPINES – Speeding up photosynthesis for better rice yields.

AFRICA – End of line for hard-to-detect malaria?

AUSTRALIA – Drugs to be developed against genetic and degenerative disorders.

AUSTRALIA – A new way to find out if back problems need surgery.

AUSTRALIA – Researchers solve a mystery about type 2 diabetes drug.

EUROPE – Scientists start to tap marine microbes for biotech use.

US – MR spectroscopy shows differences in brains of preterm infants.

US – New device offers hope to people blinded due to incurable eye disorders.

US – New Parkinson's disease genes discovered.

US – Taste receptors in the gut identified as new target for satiety and glucose regulation.

US – ACC inhibitors for potential treatment of diabetes, NASH and liver cancer discovered.

US – Benign tumors from use of oral contraceptive have a greater chance of becoming malignant.

SINGAPORE – International Collaboration to Advance Research on Non-Animal Approaches to Chemical Safety Testing.

UNITED STATES – Coriell Institute Licenses PluriTest, a Novel Stem Cell Technology.

UNITED STATES – Tackling World's Problems with Human-Computer Intelligence.

UNITED STATES – Untapped Region in Brain Cell Offers Goldmine of Drug Targets for New Autism Treatments, UCLA Study Finds.

UNITED STATES – Activating Beige Fat in Humans Could Combat Obesity.

UNITED STATES – Cancer-Killing Proteins Destroy Tumor Cells in Bloodstream.

UNITED STATES – Measuring the Mechanical Forces of Disease.

UNITED STATES – Scientists Identify Molecule That Appears to Fuel Deadly Genetic Illness.

AUSTRALIA – Medlab Supports New Federal Legislation for Medical Cannabis.

UNITED KINGDOM – BioAscent Expands Compound Management Services Offering with Pierre Fabre Collaboration.

SWITZERLAND – Harmful Mutations Have Accumulated during Early Human Migrations Out of Africa.

JAPAN – BIOTRONIK's Itrevia 7 HF-T is First CRT-D Approved for Full-Body MRI Scanning in Japan.

SINGAPORE – Singapore eHealth Innovations Summit Announces the First EMRAM Stage 7 Hospital in Singapore and Emphasized Technology as Transformative Agent in Specialty Functions.

TAIWAN – Health2Sync Strategically Partners with Taiwan's Ministry of Health and Welfare in Asia's First Government Supported Online Diabetes Care Program.

UNITED STATES – Scientists Identify Protein Involved in Restoring Effectiveness of Common Treatment for Breast Cancer.

UNITED STATES – Scientists Reveal How Signals from Pathogenic Bacteria Reach Danger Sensors of Cells.

UNITED STATES – Scientists Find New Path in Brain to Ease Depression.

UNITED STATES – Tips for Living a Heart Healthy Lifestyle.

CANADA – Review Suggests Eating Oats Can Lower Cholesterol as Measured by a Variety of Markers.

SOUTH KOREA – CSA Group Opens Highly Advanced Electro - Medical Laboratory in Seoul.

AUSTRALIA – Cynata’s Technology Significant Efficacy in Preclinical Asthma Study.

INDIA – Essilor Launches ‘Love to See Change’ Campaign to Educate People about Need to Preserve Visual Health.

The high mortality rates of colon and rectal tumors have put forward an urgent need for rapid, sensitive, and accurate diagnosis. The polarization imaging technology, with the advantages of noninvasiveness, noncontact, quantification, rapidity, and high sensitivity, is expected to be used for auxiliary diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Herein, the differences in colorectal tissues of four pathological types were studied using this powerful technology. Polarized light imaging combined with the Mueller matrix decomposition (MMPD) method was applied to extract structural features that may be related to colorectal tumors. It demonstrated that parameters $\delta$ and $\theta$ could reflect the structural differences of colorectal tumors. Preliminary simulated experiment results revealed that the parameter $\delta$ was related to the fiber density, and the parameter $\theta$ was related to the fiber angle. Then Tamura image texture analysis was used to quantitatively describe tissues of different pathological types, and the results showed that the coarseness, contrast, directionality, and roughness of the four groups were statistically different. Texture analysis based on the quantitative data of the four dimensions could be applied for the identification of benign and malignant colorectal tumors.

As opposed to using many unrelated photographs to depict the same scene, image fusions combine multiple, similar images to generate a single, unified image with greater detail. Imaging sensors and the need for a wideband signal to transmit most source images limit their resolution. This study suggests new methods of fusing medical pictures from different modalities in order to increase image quality and, by extension, the accuracy with which brain tumors can be detected and identified. Improved convolutional neural network (ICNN) and region growth-based $K$-means clustering (RKMC) are used in the suggested strategy to boost the quality of brain image fusions obtained from Computed tomography scanned image (CTSI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in this study. The first stages of this task consist of eliminating noise, segmenting images, extracting and selecting features, and fusing images. AMF (Adaptive Median Filtering) are first used to eliminate noise from MRI images and CTSI of the brain, improving the image quality. With the help of the RKMC algorithm, MRI image and CTSI scans can be segmented into their constituent pieces, which can then be seen either as grayscale images or as pictures of objects. The RKMC algorithm is able to adequately account for the possibility of tumors in white images. More useful image features can be extracted with the use of MPCA (Modified Principal Component Analysis). Afterward, features with the highest fitness values are chosen by using AFO (Adaptive Firefly Optimization). Image fusions of multimodal images are carried out using ICNN, which generates the image’s lower-, middle-, and higher-level contents. Incorporating important and relevant image characteristics from all viewpoints and perspectives improves feature training and testing. The results show that the proposed RKMC+ICNNs outperform the state-of-the-art approaches in terms of accuracy, PSNR, RMSE, and runtime.