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The development of crystal fabrication and characterization approaches makes it possible to study novel materials with enhanced linear and nonlinear optical properties. The solution growth method was adopted in the present investigation to create Barium thiourea chloride (BTCL), a metal–organic single crystal. Structural, optical, and thermal characteristics of the BTCL crystals were evaluated by XRD analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectrometry, photoluminescence, SHG, and thermal analyses. The XRD method was applied to investigate the structural characteristics of the BTCL, which is related to the monoclinic structure. The FT-IR spectral investigation was conducted to observe the vibrational modes in BTCL. The optical measurements showed the transmittance in the near-UV and visible spectrums. Optical characteristics include bandgap, refractive index, extinction coefficient, optical, and electrical conductivities, and dielectric constants were obtained. The PL curve showed two notable emission peaks at 482.5nm and 491nm. The ability to generate second harmonics was investigated using the Kurtz and Perry method, and the SHG was more than 1.79 times the KDP sample. The thermal behavior of the BTCL was evaluated by TGA/DTA measurements. The Coats–Redfern relation was used to estimate the activation energy of the thermal system and the value was determined to be 9.48KJ/mol. The findings indicate that the BTCL crystals possess excellent optical transparency, higher SHG potency, and good thermal stability, which are suitable for use in photonic structures.

Cerium (III) Chloride-induced conformational changes of human serum albumin, HSA, in phosphate buffer, 10 mM at pH 7.4 was investigated, using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), UV and fluorescence emission spectroscopic methods. The results indicate that CeCl₃, Ce³⁺, induces irreversible denaturation of the HSA structure. The UV absorption intensity of HSA + Ce³⁺ shows a slight blueshift in the absorbance wavelength with increasing Ce³⁺ concentration. The fluorescence intensity was increased regularly and a slight redshift was observed in the emission wavelength. The HSA + Ce³⁺ complex quenches the fluorescence of HSA and changes the microenvironment of tryptophan residue. The emission intensity increases suggesting the loss of the tertiary structure of HSA. The results obtained from the ITC data are in agreement with the spectroscopic methods. The strong negative cooperativity of Ce³⁺ binding with HSA (Table 1) recovered from the extended solvation model, indicates that HSA has been denatured as a result of its interaction with Ce³⁺ ions.

This study focuses on producing Copper sulphide (CuS) nanoparticles via the sol–gel technique. Characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR, UV spectroscopy, and PL spectroscopy were used to analyze the samples. Various Nanocomposites were created through sol–gel and electro-polishing techniques, yielding core-shell nanostructures via oxidation or sulfidation treatment. These CuS nanocomposites displayed distinct optical absorption peaks reflecting their structural characteristics. Notably, sol–gel methodologies successfully generated copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles sized between 30nm and 40nm. This result is verified by XRD data and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images in this study.