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Concerning ultrasonic non-destructive testing of ceramic-lined composite steel pipes, a novel bonding flaw locating method based on fractal dimension is proposed. Ultrasonic A-scan method is used on different positions of the composite steel pipe test piece. The fractal dimension of each curve of ultrasonic vibration signal is calculated. The transformation of each fractal dimension is compared and abnormal positions where bonding defects potentially exist are detected. The result indicates that ultrasonic A-scan signal has an excellent fractal conduct characteristic. It is feasible to compare fractal dimension of signal with the normal range and find out abnormal positions, which can provide basis for follow-up inspections.