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Multiphase flows occurring in circular curved pipes exhibit important physical phenomena.They are characterized by a large pressure drop and are composed of different phases. In the past, erosion–corrosion was measured through the use of experimental methods. Today numerical simulation models provide a more in depth look into the problem of erosion. Solid particle erosion is of major concern in the industrial engineering sector. In this study, erosion occurring in a (90)-degree elbow has been simulated. The generated two-dimensional data was done through the use of the Commercial software ANSYS Fluent. The primary idea comes from the petrochemicals industry. To overcome this problem, counter measures are proposed in this paper to the piping setup in order to protect pumps from unwanted excessive sand concentrations. Note that the physical properties of the simulated fluid mixture are taken the same as for the real-studied sample.

This study reports the results of the characterization of an air-water two-phase experimental apparatus and the preliminary analyses of the experimental time series. The test section of the apparatus consists of a vertical pipe equipped with an impedance void fraction sensor. The carrying frequency of the impedance sensor has been chosen in order to operate it as a resistive sensor. The calibration of the sensor has been performed through comparison of the instantaneous two-phase mixture conductivity signal and the local actual dimension of the bubble as estimated from high resolution photograph. The calibration curve allows, therefore, reliable estimation of the void fraction time series.

A preliminary analysis of the time series has been performed both in time and frequency domains, evaluating also the time series autocorrelation. These analyses have pointed out the inadequacy of linear tools for the characterization of two-phase flow dynamics, which are nonetheless characterized by strong recurrence and autocorrelation, which need to be further exploited by mean of nonlinear analysis in phase space. Phase space representation of different typical flow patterns, corresponding to a succession of bifurcation, shows the high potential of nonlinear analytical tools, to be adopted in order to exploit the system dynamics.

The motivation of this research is to study the effect of suction process on a growing gas bubble and concentration distribution around this bubble in tissues of divers who surface too quickly. The effect of bubble motion is also considered. The method of combined variables is used to solve the problem by combining the radial and time variables into one variable by using a suitable similarity transformation that enables to divide the diffusion equation into two ODEs, the first concerns to concentration distribution and the other concerns to the bubble radius evolution. The resultant formulae are valid for both growth stages whenever the ambient pressure is variable at ascending of the diver, or constant as the diving stops or at sea-level. The effects of physical parameters are discussed when applying suction process and show that the dominant parameter is the initial void fraction. The research findings reveal the role of suction process to activate the systemic blood circulation and delay the growth of gas bubbles in the tissues and reduce the incidence of decompression illness (DCI). This research also provides evidence and agrees with the previous experimental studies to support the use of suction therapy to reduce the DCI harmful effects.

This study experimentally investigated the flow pattern, void fraction, and evaporation heat transfer characteristic of R134a upward flow in a vertical narrow rectangular channel having a hydraulic diameter of 0.99mm, resembling a plate heat exchanger. Experiments were performed with mass velocities and vapor quality ranging between 30–200kgm${}^{-2}$s${}^{-1}$ and 0.05–0.9, respectively, at a saturation temperature of 15${}^{\circ }$C. Flow patterns were classified into bubble, slug, churn, and annular flows. The void fraction increased with increasing quality, and decreased with decreasing mass velocity in the low-quality region. Further, the influence of flow inlet/outlet positions remarkably appeared when the superficial gas velocity was low. The observed flow patterns and the measured void fraction were compared to that in previous studies. The effects of mass velocity and heat flux on the evaporation heat transfer coefficient were small, and the heat transfer through the thin liquid film was dominant.

The entrained air and turbulence characteristics under a breaking solitary wave on a 1:20 sloping beach are investigated through laboratory measurement. Free surface elevation is obtained from wave gauge measurements. Wave breaking process is captured in detail by a high-speed camera. The bubble image velocimetry (BIV) is used to measure the velocity and the fiber optic reflectometer (FOR) is used to capture instantaneous void fraction in the aerated region. The mean void fraction and velocities in the aerated region are obtained by ensemble averaging over 22 repetitions. Results show that the maximum mean void fraction is 0.6 in the collapsing cavity region and is 0.35 in the splash up region. The time series of the mean void fraction has good synchronization with the instantaneous images taken by high-speed camera. The maximum horizontal velocity occurs in the splash up region and reaches 1.17C shortly after the plunging jet hits the water surface, with C being the phase speed of the primary wave. The turbulence intensities over the entire aerated region are presented and discussed. The measured data can be used for the calibration and verification of the numerical model for aerated flows simulation under breaking waves in the surf zone.