International Journal of Modern Physics B

We compute analytically the all-loop level critical exponents for a massless thermal Lorentz-violating (LV) O(N) self-interacting $\lambda {\varphi }^4$ scalar field theory. For that, we evaluate, firstly explicitly up to next-to-leading loop order and later in a proof by induction up to any loop level, the respective $\beta$-function and anomalous dimensions in a theory renormalized in the massless BPHZ method, where a reduced set of Feynman diagrams to be calculated is needed. We investigate the effect of the Lorentz violation in the outcome for the critical exponents and present the corresponding mathematical explanation and physical interpretation.

We derive an effective spin Hamiltonian for the one-dimensional half-filled asymmetric ionic Hubbard model (IHM) with alternating on-site interaction in the limit of strong repulsion. It is shown that the effective Hamiltonian is that of a spin S = 1/2 anisotropic XXZ Heisenberg chain with alternating next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) and three-spin couplings in the presence of a uniform and a staggered magnetic field.

The dependence of tensile properties on the length scale of the dendritic morphology of Al–Cu, Al–Ag and Al–Ag–Cu alloys is experimentally investigated. These alloys were directionally solidified (DS) under a wide range of cooling rates $(Ṫ)$, permitting extensive microstructural scales to be examined. Experimental growth laws are proposed relating the primary dendritic arm spacing, ${\lambda }_1$ to $Ṫ$ and tensile properties to ${\lambda }_1$. It is shown that the most significant effect of the scale of ${\lambda }_1$ on the tensile properties is that of the ternary alloy, which is attributed to the more homogeneous distribution of the eutectic mixture for smaller ${\lambda }_1$ and by the combined reinforcement roles of the intermetallics present in the ternary eutectic: Al₂Cu and nonequilibrium Ag₃Al.

We present the model that two-level system (TLS) nonlocally interacts with one-dimensional coupled-resonator array (CRA). The coherent transport of single-photon inside CRA is well controlled by the state of TLS, which functions as quantum switch. Spin up and spin down correspond to switch on and switch off respectively, or vice versa, which originate from the constructive interference and the destructive interference of two coupling paths. We improve the fidelity of quantum switch by preadjusting the frequency of resonators which couple to TLS. Quantum switch realizes quantum beam splitter when TLS is in the superposition state. The single-photon wave packet would entangle with qubit and propagate to the remote resonators.

Electron group velocity for graphene under uniform strain is obtained analytically by using the tight-binding (TB) approximation. Such closed analytical expressions are useful in order to calculate the electronic, thermal and optical properties of strained graphene. These results allow to understand the behavior of electrons when graphene is subjected to strong strain and nonlinear corrections, for which the usual Dirac approach is no longer valid. Some particular cases of uniaxial and shear strain were analyzed. The evolution of the electron group velocity indicates a break-up of the trigonal warping symmetry, which is replaced by a warping consistent with the symmetry of the strained reciprocal lattice. To do this, analytical expressions for the shape of the first Brillouin zone (BZ) of the honeycomb strained reciprocal lattice are provided. Finally, the Fermi velocity becomes strongly anisotropic, i.e., for a strong pure shear strain (20% of the lattice parameter), the two inequivalent Dirac cones merge and the Fermi velocity is zero in one of the principal axis of deformation. We found that nonlinear terms are essential to describe the effects of deformation for electrons near or at the Fermi energy.

The sharp increase in residents and vehicles causes heavy traffic pressure in many cities. To ease traffic congestion, it has been the common sense that we should develop public transit system. The priority of the bus appears particularly necessary with the rapid development of the public transport system. The bus lane is an important embodiment of the bus priority. Focusing on the problem of the unreasonable dedicated bus lane (DBL) under the lower ratio of buses, this paper proposed a new bus lane with limited physical length. And this bus lane can reduce the lane-changing conflict caused by the buses and cars running on roads without bus lanes. Based on the cellular automata (CA) traffic flow model and the lane-changing behavior of the vehicle including the optional lane-changing and the mandatory lane-changing, a three-lane traffic model with an isolated no-bay bus stop is proposed. The ordinary three-lane traffic without a bus lane and the cases of traffic with a DBL or the proposed bus lane are simulated, and the comparisons in the form of the fundamental diagrams are made among them. It is shown that the no-bay bus stop can act as a bottleneck on the traffic flow because of the mandatory lane-changing behavior. Under a certain ratio of the bus number to the total vehicles number, (1) the traffic with the proposed bus lane has less lane-changing conflict and can provide higher traffic capacity than the ordinary traffic without a bus lane, (2) compared with the DBL, the proposed bus lane is advantageous in easing congestion on the ordinary lanes when the traffic flow is high and can avoid unreasonable allocation of the road resources.

The intra-cavity pumping scheme which is used to simultaneously generate dual-wavelength lasers was proposed and published by us and the space-independent model of quasi-three-level and four-level intra-cavity pumped dual-wavelength lasers was constructed based on this scheme. In this paper, to make the previous study more rigorous, the space-dependent model is adopted. As an example, the output characteristics of 946 nm and 1064 nm dual-wavelength lasers under the conditions of different output mirror transmittances are numerically simulated by using the derived formula and the results are nearly identical to what was previously reported.

Localization of electrons in the internal frame of reference is well established in one dimension in the presence and absence of Coulomb interaction. We start from quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) ring and show the possibility of such a transition by going to a regime where it can be shown for electrons that just interact via Fermi statistics. We then give a proof that when the Q1D ring is made infinitely wide, then there will be such a localization even when Coulomb interaction is included. Finally, we also comment on dimensions greater than two.

In this paper, we have studied the transport properties in two-dimensional superconductors in the frame of the Langevin approach to the time dependent Ginzburg–Landau equation. The electrical and thermoelectric conductivity, resulting from thermal fluctuations of the superconducting order parameter, are computed in the self-consistent Gaussian approximation for an arbitrarily strong electric field and a magnetic field. The Nernst signal, describing the Nernst effect in type-II superconductor under a magnetic field, is also calculated in linear response limit. We obtain analytical expressions for the electrical conductivity, the thermoelectric conductivity and the Nernst signal summing all Landau levels without need to cutoff higher Landau levels to treat an arbitrary magnetic field. Our results indicate that the electrical and thermoelectric conductivity are suppressed in high electric fields and the Nernst signal is in good agreement with experimental data on ${\mathrm{\text{Bi}}}_2{\mathrm{\text{Sr}}}_2{\mathrm{\text{CaCu}}}_2{\mathrm{\text{O}}}_{8+\delta }$.