International Journal of Modern Physics B

In this paper, we present an analysis of oracle bone characters for animals from a “cognitive” point of view. After some general remarks on oracle-bone characters presented in Sec. 1 and a short outline of the paper in Sec. 2, we collect various oracle-bone characters for animals from published resources in Sec. 3. In the next section, we begin analyzing a group of 60 ancient animal characters from www.zdic.net, a highly acclaimed internet dictionary of Chinese characters that is strictly based on historical sources, and introduce five categories of specific features regarding their (graphical) structure that will be used in Sec. 5 to associate corresponding feature vectors to these characters. In Sec. 6, these feature vectors will be used to investigate their dissimilarity in terms of a family of parameterized distance measures. And in the last section, we apply the SplitsTree method as encoded in the NeighborNet algorithms to construct a corresponding family of dissimilarity-based networks with the intention of elucidating how the ancient Chinese might have perceived the “animal world” in the late bronze age and to demonstrate that these pictographs reflect an intuitive understanding of this world and its inherent structure that predates its classification in the oldest surviving Chinese encyclopedia from approximately the third century BC, the Er Ya, as well as similar classification systems in the West by one to two millennia. We also present an English dictionary of 70 oracle bone characters for animals in Appendix A. In Appendix B, we list various variants of animal characters that were published in the Jia Gu Wen Bian (cf. 甲骨文编, A Complete Collection of Oracle Bone Characters, edited by the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, published by the Zhonghua Book Company in 1965). We recall the frequencies of the 521 most frequent oracle bone characters in Appendix C as reported in [T. Chen, Yin-Shang Jiaguwen Zixing Xitong Zai Yanjiu, (The Structural System of Oracle Inscriptions) (Shanghai Renmin Chubanshe, Shanghai, 2010); Jiaguwen Shiwen Yongzi Pinlü Biao (A Frequency List of Oracle Characters), Center for the Study and Application of Chinese Characters (East China Normal University, Shanghai, 2010), http://www.wenzi.cn/en/default.aspx. And in Appendix D, we list the animals registered in the last five chapters of the Er Ya.

Based on density functional theory (DFT) and local density approximation (LDA), the band structure and the density of states of all models of pure and V-doped anatase TiO₂ systems were calculated using plane-wave ultra-soft pseudo potential method after geometry optimization. The calculation results show that, with the increase of the doping concentration of V in anatase TiO₂, the free electron concentration and electron effective mass increase; the electronic mobility and electronic conductivity decrease, which is consistent with the change trend of the experimental results.

In nature, many animal groups, such as fish schools or bird flocks, clearly display structural order and appear to move as a single coherent entity. In order to understand the complex motion of these systems, we study the Vicsek model of self-propelled particles (SPP) which is an important tool to investigate the behavior of collective motion of live organisms. This model reproduces the biological behavior patterns in the two-dimensional (2D) space. Within the framework of this model, the particles move with the same absolute velocity and interact locally in the zone of orientation by trying to align their direction with that of the neighbors. In this paper, we model the collective movement of SPP using an agent-based model which follows biologically motivated behavioral rules, by adding a second region called the attraction zone, where each particles move towards each other avoiding being isolated. Our main goal is to present a detailed numerical study on the effect of the zone of attraction on the kinetic phase transition of our system. In our study, the consideration of this zone seems to play an important role in the cohesion. Consequently, in the directional orientation, the zone that we added forms the compact particle group. In our simulation, we show clearly that the model proposed here can produce two collective behavior patterns: torus and dynamic parallel group. Implications of these findings are discussed.

The structural, elastic, thermal and electronic properties of perovskite hydrides SrLiH₃ and SrPdH₃ have been investigated using the all-electron full-potential linear augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method based on the density functional theory (DFT). For the exchange-correlation potential, local-density approximation (LDA) and generalized gradient approximation (GGA) have been used to calculate theoretical lattice parameters, bulk modulus, and its pressure derivative. The present results are in good agreement with available theoretical and experimental data. The three independent elastic constants $(C_{11}$, $C_{12}$ and $C_{44})$ are also reported. From electronic band structure and density of states (DOSs), it is found that SrLiH₃ is an insulator characterized by an indirect gap of 3.48 eV, while SrPdH₃ is metallic with a calculated DOSs at Fermi energy of 0.745 states/eV-unit cell. Poisson’s ratio $(\sigma )$, Young’s modulus (E), shear modulus (G), anisotropy factor (A), average sound velocities $(v_m)$ and density $(\rho )$ of these compounds are also estimated for the first time. The Debye temperature is deduced from the average sound velocity. Variation of elastic constants and bulk modulus of these compounds as a function of pressure is also reported. Pressure and thermal effects on some macroscopic properties are predicted using the quasi-harmonic Debye model.

The magnetoresistivity (MR) is theoretically calculated in a compositional semiconductor superlattice (CSSL), subjected to a crossed DC electric field and magnetic field, in the presence of an intense electromagnetic wave (EMW). The magnetic field is oriented along the growth direction of the CSSL and the electron–acoustic phonon interaction is taken into account at low temperature. Numerical results for the GaN/AlGaN CSSL show the Shubnikov–de Haas (SdH) oscillations in the MR whose period does not depend on the temperature and amplitude decreases with increasing temperature. The temperature dependence of the relative amplitude of these oscillations is in good agreement with other theories and experiments in some two-dimensional (2D) electron systems. The influence of the EMW as well as superlattice structure on the MR is discussed and compared with available theoretical and experimental results.

In this paper, a new structure was introduced for carbon nanotube (CNT) MOSFET transistors. The proposed structure was composed of two different nanotubes for the source/drain and channel regions. Electrical characteristics of this structure were investigated using nonequilibrium Green’s function approach. Results of the simulations demonstrated that the proposed hetero-structure had almost the same ON-current and much less OFF-current and as a result higher $I_{\mathrm{\text{ON}}}/I_{\mathrm{\text{OFF}}}$ ratio than the conventional homo-structure. Results of the comparison between switching behavior in equal $I_{\mathrm{\text{ON}}}/I_{\mathrm{\text{OFF}}}$ ratio showed that, although the proposed structure had longer delay, its power dissipation for every switching event was less than that of the conventional structure. A further comparison of the switching characteristic in equal ON-current values showed that the proposed structure enjoys from shorter delay and also consumes less power-delay product (PDP) when compared to the LDDS structure.