International Journal of Modern Physics B

Due to the infinite range of possibly achievable degrees of freedom, orbital angular momentum (OAM) can tremendously increase the capacity of communication system. Here, we propose a scheme to generate OAM entanglement by using interaction-free measurement (IFM). As the superposition state of the quantum absorption object is not changed after IFM, our scheme can be extended to multiparty easily. The numerical analysis results show that the fidelity of generated OAM entanglement can be arbitrarily close to unity. Besides, the implementation issues are also discussed to evaluate the feasibility in experiment. This OAM entanglement with multiple degrees of freedom will play a key role in distributed entanglement computing and efficient quantum communication.

The vibrational behavior of double-walled carbon nanotubes is studied by the use of the molecular structural and cylindrical shell models. The spring elements are employed to model the van der Waals interaction. The effects of different parameters such as geometry, chirality, atomic structure and end constraint on the vibration of nanotubes are investigated. Besides, the results of two aforementioned approaches are compared. It is indicated that by increasing the nanotube side length and radius, the computationally efficient cylindrical shell model gives rational results.

Poly(aniline-co-o-bromoaniline) (p(an-co-o-BrAn)) copolymer has been synthesized using chemical oxidation method in the hydrochloric acid medium. Copolymerization of aniline with o-bromoaniline of different compositions, such as 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 1:3 and 3:1 molar ratios were prepared. The synthesized copolymer is soluble in polar solvents like dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), dimethyl formamide (DMF), Tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1-methyl 2-pyrrolidone (NMP). The copolymer is analyzed by various characterization techniques, such as FTIR, UV–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), conductivity, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR spectrum confirms the characteristic peaks of the copolymer containing benzenoid and quinoid ring stretching. UV spectrum reveals the formation of $\pi$–${\pi }^{\ast }$ transition and $n$–${\pi }^{\ast }$ transition between the energy levels. XRD peaks reveal that the copolymer possesses amorphous nature. Morphological study reveals that the agglomerated particles form globular structure and size of the each particle is about 100 nm. The electrical conductivity of the copolymers is found in the range of $10^{-5}\mathrm{\text{S}}{\mathrm{\text{cm}}}^{-1}$. These organic semiconductor materials can be used to fabricate thinner and cheaper environmental friendly optoelectronic devices that will replace the conventional inorganic semiconductors.

In this paper, we investigate how a kind of non-Gaussian states (l-photon excited thermo vacuum state $C_l{a}^{†l}|0(\beta )〉$) evolves in a single-mode damping channel. We find that it evolves into a Laguerre-polynomial-weighted real–fictitious squeezed thermo vacuum state, which exhibits strong decoherence and its original nonclassicality fades. In particular, when l = 0, in this damping process the thermo squeezing effect decreases while the fictitious-mode vacuum becomes chaotic. In overcoming the difficulty of calculation, we employ the summation method within ordered product of operators, a new generating function formula about two-variable Hermite polynomials is derived.

Structural and electronic properties of hexagonal Tantalum nitride (TaN) in CoSn and WC structures are studied using the first-principle calculations. Lattice constants and electronic band structures are in an excellent agreement with the available experimental and other theoretical values. TaN in both structures studied has a metallic nature and a strong hybridization of Ta 5d and N 2p are found from the spin density of states (DOS). Meanwhile, our LSDA+U calculations predicted a strong ferromagnetic state for CoSn-type structure and an obvious paramagnetic nature for WC-type structure. No phase transition are observed within cubic and hexagonal CoSn and WC structures under high pressures. Our results show WC-type TaN is the calculated ground-state structure among the three crystallographic structures studied under 120 GPa. Optical properties show that TaN in CoSn-type structure is a better dielectric material.

In the present work, we report the blue phase (BP) in a binary mixture of cholesteryl nonanoate (CN) and N-(4-ethoxybenzylidene)-4-butylaniline (EBBA). The mixture exhibits BP over a temperature range of 2.3 K at optimum composition (50:50) of liquid crystals (LCs). The effect of silica nanoparticles (SNPs) doping on thermal stability of BPs has also been demonstrated and nearly 6 K wide BP temperature range was achieved at 0.5 wt.% of SNPs. A porous type texture was also observed during the BP formation process in the doped samples.

Based on the two-dimensional (2D) neural map, we investigate the impacts of non-Gaussian colored noise on the firing activity of discrete system. Taking the coherence parameter R to measure the regularity of firing behavior, it is demonstrated that coherence parameter R has a pronounced minimum value with the noise intensity and the correlation time of non-Gaussian colored noise, which is the so-called phenomenon of coherence resonance (CR). Besides, the firing activity is not sensitive to the non-Gaussian parameter which determines the departure from the Gaussian distribution when the correlation time is large enough.

Melting curves of Cu, Pt, Pd and Au were calculated via the molecular dynamics method in the temperature range of $\sim$1000–5000 K. The simulation results were compared with the recent high pressure experimental data reported by Errandonea, and the obtained melting curves of Cu, Pt and Au were all in good agreement with his results. For Pd, there were some differences between the obtained melting curve and the experimental data and these differences increased with decreasing temperature to about 7 GPa at 2000 K. The effects of the interaction forces between metal atoms at high atomic densities on the pressure of the system were analyzed. It was found that the pressure in metals predominantly depends on the interaction forces between atoms at high atomic densities. In addition, expressions for melting pressure as a function of temperature have been obtained by fitting the simulation results.

The technique of “crystallite growth preferred orientation” was presented based on the Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of grain growth, and its factor was used to establish a lattice coordinate tracking method. The nucleation and growth of crystal from the liquid phase throughout the whole simulation were examined. Changes in solid fraction and crystallite size were counted via simulation by lattice tracking. Results showed that the established model could properly reflect crystallite nucleation and growth. The model was also determined capable of accurately estimating the number of solid phase fraction and achieving change in crystallite size by the lattice tracking method. The change in solid fraction and MC step (MCS) satisfied the $S$ curve during simulation. The crystallite growth index was 0.477, which was relatively close to the theoretical value of 0.5.

In an example scenario of magnetic energy harvesting, a spherical superscatterer is introduced to enhance coupling in a two-coil system. Although a three-dimensional (3D) model is preferred to fully model behavior in this example, to reduce computational complexity, an extension of transformation optics (TO) is proposed to reduce a 3D model to a two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric model. The simulation results show details of a quasi-3D model of the superscatterer coupling enhancement of a two-coil system.