International Journal of Nanoscience

The green technology clubbed with the ultrasound irradiation allows one to produce the products and to reduce the number of production stages without increasing the cost and also devoid of toxic effects. A novel sonochemical method is demonstrated for the preparation of four samples of Ag₃PO₄ nanoparticles by using AgNO₃, KH₂PO₄ and D-Glucose. The synthesized products were systematically characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD pattern revealed a face-centered cubic structured Ag₃PO₄ phase. We recognized the optical properties of Ag₃PO₄ nanoparticles and found that Ag₃PO₄ nanocrystals show emission in the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. In addition, we also discuss the possible formation mechanism of Ag₃PO₄ nanocrystals.

In this paper, we synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film by using a cost effective chemical bath deposition technique (CBD) at 90^∘C. The as-deposited ZnO films exhibited polycrystalline in nature. The FESEM image shows growth of nanorods about 0.2$\mu$m length. The Raman spectrum was recorded using frequency of 532nm with excited line Nd-YAG laser. The optical band gap of ZnO thin film obtained 3.37eV. The value of RMS roughness is determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM), found to be 34nm. The supercapactive studies were determined in 2MKOH aqueous electrolyte by means of cyclic voltammetry and charge–discharge technique. ZnO exhibited maximum specific capacitance of ZnO 204F/g at the scan rate of 5mV/s.

CuO NRs electrodes as nonenzymatic glucose sensors were successfully synthesized using a simple low-cost, high-benefit (double hydrothermal method) on indium tin oxide glass CuO/ITO with different concentrations. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy–dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and investigations were used to confirm the nanostructures. XRD patterns of CuO explained all of the peaks may be attributed to CuO’s monoclinic phase. FE-SEM presented nano rod-like shapes with a diameter range of 20–100nm and was found to be uniformly and vertically grown on the ITO substrate. Besides, the energy gap of the CuO NRs was expanded to 3.3eV, 3.1eV and 3eV, respectively. CuO NRs displayed the high activity of glucose sensing, with a sensitivity of (5805.7, 7365.7 and 994.8) $\mu$AMm${}^{-1}$cm${}^{-2}$ with LOD (0.44, 0.4 and 0.35) $\mu$A, respectively. These results indicate that the sensor has a lot of potential for becoming a high-performance nonenzymatic glucose sensor with a simple, low-cost, and unique sensor design.

This study aims to prepare composite materials and improve some of their mechanical properties by using epoxy resin (EP) and polyurethane (PU) as the matrix material and nanoparticles (Al₂O₃) as reinforcing agents in different ratio with weight fractions (5%, 10%, and 15%). The results in the tables show that increasing the weight fraction of nanoparticles leads to an increase in the elasticity coefficient and durability of the impact and absorbed energy, with an increase in the temperature of the composite material reinforced with nanoaluminum oxide particles. The mechanical properties gradually decrease with the increase of the period of immersion in water.

In this work, three samples of thin films were prepared from semiconducting nanomaterials by the chemical bath method, where a thin film of lead sulfide PbS, Cadmium zinc sulfide CdZnS and PbS/CdZnS was prepared. The optical properties and surface formation of the bilayer film were studied and investigated by scanning electron microscope and UV–Visible spectrometer. It was observed through the scanning microscope image that the surface of the thin film is composed of CdZnS material in the form of nanowalls that cover the PbS nanoparticles completely, forming a core–shell structure. The transmittance and absorption spectra of the prepared films, as well as the direct and indirect energy gaps, were measured. It was observed that there is a shift in the absorption and transmission spectra of the PbS film after coating it with CdZnS layer. The magnitudes of the direct and indirect energy gaps of the bilayer film are 1.8eV and 1.5eV, respectively.

The rising demand for silver nanoparticles obtained by green method has made it necessary to search for readily available bio-materials that can serve as sustainable bio-reductant and stabilizers. Pennisetum purpureum is a readily available tropical plant commonly used as food, feed for livestock, and thermal energy production. In this study, extract from the leaves of Pennisetum purpureum was explored to prepare silver nanoparticles (Perp-AgNPs). The structural and optical properties of the particles were studied with scanning electron microscope, Ultraviolet-Visible spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and X-ray diffractometer. The antioxidant property of the Perp-AgNPs was studied by investigating its ability to scavenge 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical. Enhanced activity of 83% was obtained by 1mg/mL of the Perp-AgNPs after 10 min of scavenging. In addition, IC${}_{50}=0.179$mg/mL was observed by the Perp-AgNPs. The antimicrobial property of the Perp-AgNPs was investigated against broad range of microorganisms, namely, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus mutans, Bacillus subtilis, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Candida albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration values ranged from 0.313 to 1.25mg/mL with Psuedomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus being the most susceptible. The Perp-AgNPs also demonstrated the ability to enhance the efficacy of standard antibiotic and antifungal agents. The antimicrobial combinatory effects were synergy and partial synergy against the selected microorganisms. The results from the study show that silver nanoparticles prepared with leaves extract of Pennisetum purpureum have adequate antioxidant and antimicrobial properties for applications in nanomedicine.

Nanostructured CuO has been successfully synthesized via Thermal decomposition method at 700^∘C. Prepared CuO was characterized using IR spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). IR spectra confirm the metal–oxygen bonding in these nanoparticles. The XRD pattern confirms a single-phase crystalline nature of the nanoparticles. The synthesized CuO was demonstrated as an efficient catalyst in degradation of Rhodamine B in the presence of light through oxidation. More than 93% of the Rhodamine B dye was degraded after 150min. It was observed that photocatalytic degradation of dyes follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. A tentative mechanism has also been proposed for the photocatalytic degradation of dyes in the presence of copper oxide semiconductor.

This study’s objective is to prepare and characterize a ZnO-rGO composite for use in supercapacitors. The hydrothermal method was used to successfully prepare ZnO and ZnO-rGO. Characterization of the prepared materials was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis) spectrometers. The electrochemical properties of the ZnO and ZnO-rGO electrodes were examined using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and impedance spectroscopy. The specific capacitance of the ZnO-rGO composite electrode in 1M NaOH as an electrolyte was 293.37F/g at the scan rate of 5mV/s. As a result of the low equivalent series resistance and improved ion diffusion produced by ZnO and rGO working together, the ZnO-rGO nanoparticles electrode has a higher super capacitance. The result achieved a higher energy density of 39.93Wh/kg and a power density of 54.45kW/kg. These findings demonstrated the significance of rGO-based composites in the development of high-performance energy storage systems as well as their enormous potential for improvement.

In this paper, core–shell structured (ZnSe) is prepared bio synthesis by cold plasma technique under atmospheric pressure with an exposure time of 3min and a gas flow rate of 3L/min. Films’ structural characteristics and morphological characterization were investigated by X-ray diffractometer, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). In addition, parameters like crystal size were calculated. Results showed XRD patterns exhibit structure of polycrystalline of preferential orientation (111) direction. SEM technique shows that the nanoparticles presented are spherical. AFM image verified film-formed spherical particles distribute uniformly. The antibacterial diffusion method property of these nanoparticles was performed against Gram-negative bacteria of Escherichia coli and Gram-positive bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus, showing good control of said bacteria. The maximum level of inhibition was found in coli form bacteria with an average inhibition zone diameter with S. aureus, implying an increasing trend with increasing/decreasing loading volume of NC volume. Therefore, these nanomaterials, which can be prepared in a simple and cost-effective way, may be suitable for new types of germicidal materials.

To learn how the manner of preparation influences film development, this study examined film expansion under a variety of deposition settings. To learn about the membrane’s properties and to ascertain the optimal pretreatment conditions, which are represented by ambient temperature and pressure, Laser pressure of 2.5m bar, the laser energy density of 500mJ, distortion ratio ($x=0.5$) as a function of laser pulse count, all achieved with the double-frequency Nd: YAG laser operating in quality-factor mode at 1064nm. Mg_xZn${}_{1-x}$ films of thickness $10\pm 200$nm were deposited on glass substrates at pulse frequencies of (1–6)Hz and pulse durations of 10ns. The spectrum of rays. The X-rays demonstrated that the diffraction peaks’ findings show that the crystallinity of the films is highly dependent on the quantity of magnesium present in the layers. All the generated movies feature a polycrystalline hexagonal membrane structure, with the (101) plane being the main reflection. The average particle size was determined to be less than 50nm using FE-SEM measurements, and (RMS) of the surface roughness of the membranes Mg_xZn${}_{1-x}$ may be calculated using AFM analysis. The spectrum spans from (300)nm to (900) nm in wavelength. All films have a transmittance rate of more than 70% for the visible area of the spectrum$=$(400–800)nm, and in one model, it reaches greater than 95%. The energy gap (Eg) for these films is (2.68, 2.6, 2.4 and 2.32) electron volts, with a standard deviation of (100, 200, 300, and 400) shoot. In addition, the energy gap values drop as the laser pulse strength increases, and the range in which these values may be set is quite narrow (2.68–2.32).