International Journal of Nanoscience

Large amounts of plasma, the universe’s fourth most common kind of stuff, may be found across our galaxy and other galaxies. There are four types of matter in the cosmos, and plasma is the most common. By heating the compressed air or inert gases to create negatively and positively charged particles known as ions, electrically neutral particles in their natural state are formed. Many scientists are currently focusing their efforts on the development of artificial plasma and the possible advantages it may have for humankind in the near future. In the literature, there is a scarcity of information regarding plasma applications. It’s the goal of this page to describe particular methods for creating and using plasma, which may be used in a variety of sectors, including electrical, mechanical, chemical and medicinal ones. Creating and using plasma is possible in a variety of settings. Here are a few examples: Production of hydrogen from alcohol. Plasma technology’s market value in the medical sector is increasing at a fast rate, which is reducing the discrepancy between the benefits of plasma technology and the cost of the equipment necessary to create and maintain it.

The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was conducted using the Iraqi Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton leaves having substantial bioreduction and capping properties. The aqueous extract has been characterized using FTIR to observe changes in functional groups of extract compared to extract-AgNPs. GC-MS understands the mechanism synthesis of AgNPs based on the aqueous extract of J. sambac through identification of aqueous extracted. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV–Vis at 455nm, XRD broad chart owing to size of AgNPs and TEM (AgNPs average size less than 10nm). FESEM-EDX was carried out to observe the nearly spherical shape with elemental composition. DLS was appointed with hydrodynamic radius as 105.9nm and also had a good polydispersity at 0.357, and $Z$-potential at $-$23.1. AgNPs have antibacterial gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli), cytotoxicity MTT assay against breast cancer MCF-7 cell line IC50 at 222.6$\mu$g/mL, genotoxicity fragmented DNA of MCF-7 by comet assay, emphasized apoptosis cells through cell cycle flow cytometry. Overall, safe, cost-effective, and scalable biogenic nano-formulation of Jasminum sambac-AgNPs possesses antibacterial and anticancer therapeutic applications.

Biomass-derived porous carbon materials were selectively and controllably prepared by carbonization of hay slag (HS) and activation with ZnCl₂ combined with Mg(NO${}_3{)}_2\cdot 6$H₂O. The prepared porous carbon materials had an apparent multi-pore structure and a large specific surface area. In a 6mol/L KOH with a current density of 0.25A/g, the specific capacitance of the prepared sample was 220F/g. Further study showed that the optimal pore size range of porous carbon materials for electrode preparation was 0.8–1.2nm. At the same time, the porous carbon material had a good adsorption capacity for CO₂, and the adsorbent performance was 3.09mmol/g at 0^∘C and 1 bar. Adsorbents with the pore size range of 0.5–0.8nm had the best CO₂ adsorption performance. This integrated strategy study expanded biomass-derived porous carbon materials with controllable pore structures to match different application strategies.

In this research, an attempt is made to prepare an organic–inorganic hybrid material that aims to improve some of the physical properties of polymeric mixtures composed of polyethelyne oxide (PEO) and polystyrene (PS) by adding copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles to the single polymers as well as by adding them to the mixture whereby 5% of nanoparticles were added to the polymer. The effect of the addition was studied by SEM and UV–Visible spectrophotometer. The energy band gaps attained by Tauc equation proved that the energy bandgaps are (from 4.4, 3.1 and 3.1eV) for nanocomposites.

This paper reports the synthesis and analysis of the characterization results of PbS and PbS/ZnO core/shell nanoparticles embedded in Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) matrix. The technique adopted in this work is wet chemical synthesis of PVA/PbS and PVA/PbS/ZnO core/shell nanoparticles. In total, two different sets of samples comprising of nine samples have been synthesized by altering parameters like PVA concentration and shell thickness for the PVA/PbS and PVA/PbS/ZnO samples, respectively. Various characterization techniques are used to analyze the influence of alteration of matrix concentration and shell thickness upon the as-synthesized nanoparticles. The techniques include UV-Vis Spectroscopy (UV-vis), Photoluminescence (PL) Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Rays (EDAX) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Results of the characterization techniques confirm the formation of nanoparticles of PbS and PbS/ZnO, respectively.

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been extensively studied in recent days due to their excellent optical photo-absorption, low-cost synthesis and nontoxic nature. Furthermore, the optical and electronic properties of GQDs can be modulated by adding various dopant (like N, S, B, F, K, Si etc.) and can be used as a potential candidate for green solar energy material. Here, we have synthesized GQDs, N and N, S co-doped GQDs using low-cost hydrothermal process. Quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) were fabricated by sensitizing doped and undoped GQDs with ZnO nanorods. Current-Voltage characteristics of GQD sensitized ZnO NRs, N-GQD sensitized ZnO NRs and S, N-GQD sensitized ZnO NRs have been studied. The superior photovoltaic performance was obtained using S, N co-doped GQDs sensitized ZnO NRs with conversion efficiency $\sim 0.131$%, which was 1.75 times higher than undoped GQD sensitized QDSSC device.

Pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) of metallic magnesium was used in this work to manufacture magnesium nanoparticles with varying average sizes (10–90nm). (2.07–3.44) $\times$ 10⁸W/cm² of laser intensity and pulse rates of 100 pulses were used to create the nanoparticles. Laser power increased the number of nanoparticles in magnesium oxide (MgO) at 204nm absorption spectroscopic absorbance linearly. When the UV–Vis absorbance of nanoparticles rose, so did their colloidal density (measured in mg/mL). Nanoparticles are more likely to be produced at higher laser scanning rates: UV–Vis absorbance and nanoparticle diameters. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed that nanoparticles created dendritic patterns when put upon metal foil. The nanoparticles were measured using dynamic light scattering. When MgO particles were used in antibacterial activity against (in vitro) various gram-positive and gram-negative strains of bacteria, they had a demonstrable impact on some strains of bacteria. MgO has been shown to have antibacterial properties.

Laser ablation of sintered SiO₂:TiO₂ targets using Nd:YAG lasers at fundamental (1064nm) harmonic generation in the air has been studied using optical emission spectroscopy. Exploring the spatial fluctuations in electron temperature ($T_e$) and electron density ($n_e$), there is a discussion of how laser energy affects electron temperature ($T_e$) and electron density ($n_e$). Laser energy has also been shown to affect the intensity and velocity of neutral and ion species. Using existing data and theory, the findings were confirmed following the local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) hypothesis. Plasma properties such as Debye length (${\lambda }_d$), ($N_d$) and plasma frequency ($w_p$) were also studied in this study. Using a laser, we found that all plasma parameters were affected. In addition, the calculated inverse Bremsstrahlung absorption coefficients (${\alpha }_{IB}$) were altered.

In this research, iron oxide-NPs were synthesized by leek leaves extract using the green method biosynthesis. It helps as reducing and cap agents. Characteristics of nanoparticles are obtained by (UV–Visible) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The X-ray diffraction pattern showed iron oxide peaks, the mean crystalline size was 37.12nm. Electron microscope field emission scanning (FESEM) was used to investigate the morphology of iron oxide-NPs. Results of the biological tests showed how iron oxide nanoparticles affected both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as various inhibitor registrations and the influence of iron material on bacteria inhibition were demonstrated.

Since the inception of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), calcium silicate cements have emerged to dominate in the dental sector, mainly due to their hydraulic property. The ability of such cements to set in the presence of moisture is their most significant characteristic. A plethora of products based on hydraulic silicate cement constitution have recently entered the market; these items can be seen as MTA improvements attempting to minimize MTA’s shortcomings. Despite any possible benefits, the capacity to seal in an endodontic root repair material is, however, the most significant aspect determining its success. An experimental calcium silicate-based cement incorporated with nanosilver was fabricated to evaluate the sealing ability and to compare with the existing commercially available MTA. Teeth were decoronated and root canal treatment was performed. Root-end resection and cavity preparation, followed by root-end filling was done with the materials. Confocal scanning microscopy was used to assess the extent of rhodamine dye leakage in the root-end cavities. The results showed that both the experimental nanosilver incorporated calcium silicate-based cement and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate showed microleakage under a confocal microscope.