International Journal of Quantum Information

Knowledge of the relationships among different features of quantumness, like entanglement and state purity, is important from both fundamental and practical viewpoints. Yet, this issue remains little explored in dynamical contexts for open quantum systems. We address this problem by studying the dynamics of entanglement and purity for two-qubit systems using paradigmatic models of radiation-matter interaction, with a qubit being isolated from the environment (spectator configuration). We show the effects of the corresponding local quantum channels on an initial two-qubit pure entangled state in the concurrence–purity diagram and find the conditions which enable dynamical closed formulas of concurrence, used to quantify entanglement, as a function of purity. We finally discuss the usefulness of these relations in assessing entanglement and purity thresholds which allow noisy quantum teleportation. Our results provide new insights about how different properties of composite open quantum systems behave and relate each other during quantum evolutions.

The quantum backflow effect is a counterintuitive behavior of the probability current of a free particle, which may be negative even for states with vanishing negative momentum component. Here, we address the notion of nonclassicality arising from the backflow effect, i.e. from the negativity of the probability current, and analyze its relationships with the notion of nonclassicality based on the negativity of the Wigner function. Our results show that backflow is linked to a different, and in fact more restrictive, notion of nonclassicality, the negativity of the Wigner function being only a necessary prerequisite for its occurrence. This hierarchical structure may be confirmed by looking at the addition of thermal noise, which more easily destroys the negativity of the probability current than the negativity of the Wigner function itself.

Noise effects can be harmful to quantum information systems. In the present paper, we study noise effects in the context of quantum games with incomplete information, which have more complicated structure than quantum games with complete information. The effects of several paradigmatic noises on three newly proposed conflicting interest quantum games with incomplete information are studied using numerical optimization method. Intuitively noises will bring down the payoffs. However, we find that in some situations the outcome of the games under the influence of noise effects are counter-intuitive. Sometimes stronger noise may lead to higher payoffs. Some properties of the game, like quantum advantage, fairness and equilibrium, are invulnerable to some kinds of noises.

We present a scheme for joint remote state preparation (JRSP) of three-particle state via three tripartite Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) entangled states as the quantum channel linking the parties. We use eight-qubit mutually orthogonal basis vector as measurement point of departure. The likelihood of success for this scheme has been found to be $1∕8$. However, by putting some special cases into consideration, the chances can be ameliorated to $1∕4$ and 1. The effects of amplitude-damping noise, phase-damping noise and depolarizing noise on this scheme have been scrutinized and the analytical derivations of fidelities for the quantum noisy channels have been presented. We found that for $0.55\le \eta \le 1$, the states conveyed through depolarizing channel lose more information than phase-damping channel while the information loss through amplitude damping channel is most minimal.

The search for structural anomalies in a complete graph, $K_N$, using scattering quantum walks (SQWs) is investigated in this study. A complete graph with a second graph, $G$, attached to one of its vertices is referred to as external structural anomaly. The structural change within a complete graph is called internal structural anomaly. First, an example with $G$ being a triangle is presented to illustrate the problem. Then, a general proof is provided to show that the vertex to which $G$ is attached can be found in $O(\sqrt{N})$ time steps as long as the connectivity between $G$ and $K_N$ is far less than $N$. Finally, two types of internal structural anomalies, namely, a complete graph with a missing edge and that with an extra loop, are considered. These two anomalies can be solved in a similar manner as external anomalies in $O(\sqrt{N})$ time steps. These examples demonstrate that Cottrell’s formalism in star graphs can be applied more generally.

To reduce the time complexity of quantum morphology operations, two kinds of improved quantum dilation and erosion operations are proposed. Quantum parallelism is well used in the design of these operations. Consequently, the time complexity is greatly reduced compared with the previous quantum dilation and erosion operations. The neighborhood information of each pixel is needed in the process of designing quantum dilation and erosion operations. In order to get the neighborhood information, quantum position shifting transformation is utilized, which can make the neighborhood information store in a quantum image set. In this image set, the neighborhood information of pixel at location ($j$, $i$) is stored at the same location ($j$, $i$) of other images in the image set. All the pixels will be processed simultaneously, which is the performance of quantum parallelism. The time complexity analysis shows that these quantum operations have polynomial-time complexity which is much lower than the exponential-time complexity of the previous version.

The transmission of pure and mixed states along a quantum spin chain is investigated. Nonlocality between two qubits will evolve as it is transmitted through the quantum channel in a way that may violate or not the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt (CHSH) Bell inequality at different times. This violation of local realism is analogue to the so-called sudden death and sudden birth features of entanglement. In the quantum channel, which will turn to be a damping one, some (mixed) states will be preferred according to the nature of the quantum correlations that are preserved during the evolution along the spin chain.

We investigate a remote establishment of entanglement sharing resource through entanglement transferred from continuous variables to discrete variables. The analysis of generation of entanglement for two initially unentangled atoms with different fields are performed and simultaneous observations of the max entanglement acquirement is given. Based on our result, we suppose that the max and stable entanglement acquirement can be obtained with appropriate field parameters.

We investigate the possibility to restore genuine tripartite entanglement under local amplitude damping. We show that it is possible to protect genuine entanglement using CNOT and Hadamard gates. We analyze several ordering of such recovery operations. We find that for recovery operations applied after exposing qubits to decoherence, there is no enhancement in lifetime of genuine entanglement. Actual retrieval of entanglement is only possible when reversal scheme is applied before and after the decoherence process. We find that retrieval of entanglement for mixture of $|\tilde{W}〉$ state with white noise is more evident than the respective mixture of $|W〉$ state. We also find the retrieval of entanglement for similar mixture of $|\mathrm{\text{GHZ}}〉$ state as well.

We propose a fluxon-controlled quantum computer incorporated with three-qubit quantum error correction using special gate operations, i.e. joint-phase and SWAP gate operations, inherent in capacitively coupled superconducting flux qubits. The proposed quantum computer acts exactly like a knitting machine at home.