Journal of Enterprising Culture

The personal characteristics of entrepreneurs can be importantly related to entrepreneurial startup intentions and behaviors. A country-moderated hypothesis including the relationship between an individual’s risk-taking propensity and entrepreneurship (behaviors or intentions of the person) was conceptually developed and empirically tested in this study. The data collection was performed through a structured questionnaire. Multinominal logistic regression was used for analyzing data obtained from 1,414 students in six countries. The crucial contribution of this research is the clarification of the character of risk-taking propensity in entrepreneurship and the indication that the risk-taking propensity-entrepreneurship relationship can be moderated contingent on power distance.

Consumers’ new shopping patterns and emerging technologies have created various opportunities, as well as challenges for fashion entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship education plays a vital role in cultivating entrepreneurship and innovation, and can help to shape a person’s entrepreneurial disposition, skills, and competence (Kuratko, 2005), all of which are essential for realization of entrepreneurship in enterprises (Unger et al., 2011). Due to limited research on entrepreneurial intentions of fashion students, it is crucial to discover what factors are relatively more important for cultivating entrepreneurial intentions among fashion students. This study used in-depth interviews with open-ended questions from September 2016 to December 2016 to uncover valuable themes regarding this topic. Findings of this study indicate that both internal and external factors contribute to fashion students’ entrepreneurial intentions. The findings provide valuable insights for policy makers and fashion educators to promote entrepreneurship education and provide better support for fashion students to pursue entrepreneurial success.

This paper studies the dynamics of network development in early phases of venture development. Seven ventures were studied through interviews and visualization techniques. An equivocal three-phase process was studied — conceptualization, early foundation and early establishment. This paper defines network equivocality, draw on multiplexity theory and contributes by fine-tuning the concept of tie formation. The paper presents a conceptual model where the dynamics behind network development in early phases of venture development is explained. It is proposed that each phase of development is divided by knowledge boundaries. As ventures mature, they pass knowledge boundaries, and this passage triggers network transformation. Thus, the roles of both nascent firms and of multiplex network contacts change, and consequently tie formation also change. Three distinct tie formations are identified; esoteric, enlarged and exoteric.

This study aims to investigate the adaptation of internalization factors and employees’ competitive behavior in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The empirical findings suggest that the integration of religious orientation brings better results along with the other determinants (subjective norm, attitude, behavior control and intention) of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Further, this study indicates the significant direct relationship between religious orientation, attitude, perceived control and intention with employee behavior, except for subjective norms and intention, which shows an insignificant relationship. This empirical findings suggest that owners and managers of SMEs should place some efforts in providing support to increase religious orientation in SMEs, as this would likely to enhance all other factors. This study reports unique empirical findings to support the generalizability of the theory while also adding a new facet to the TPB by using SMEs as a social lab and data from a developing country.