Journal of Musculoskeletal Research

In Japan, 88% of secondary osteoarthritis cases are associated with acetabular dysplasia (AD) or developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH). However, it is unknown whether severe AD causes hip pain at a lower age. We therefore investigated whether the age at onset of hip pain correlates with radiographic parameters used for the evaluation of AD. This study included 254 patients (235 women and 19 men; mean age 40.7 years, range 17–59 years) who visited our hospital for consultation regarding hip joint pain. Patients were examined radiographically and questioned regarding any history of DDH treatment in infancy. Of the 254 patients, 89 (35%) had a history of treatment for DDH (DDH group) and 165 (65%) had no history of DDH (non-DDH group). In the DDH group, there were no significant correlations between age and any of the tested radiographic parameters. In the non-DDH group, a moderate correlation was observed between age and acetabular angle ($r=-0.38$, $p<0.001$). Our data suggest that severe AD causes onset of hip pain at a young age in patients without a history of treatment for DDH.

Objective: The objective of this study is to clarify the differences in physiological responses following the different modality of repetitive compressions versus continuous compression (CC) of the peripheral nerve. Methods: Thirty-two rabbits were used. Under anesthesia, four conditions of compression; CC, low-frequency release compression (LFR, one second release time every 30 s), high-frequency release compression (HFR, one second release time every 10 s), and high-frequency compression (HFC, one second compression time every 10 s) were each applied with 80mmHg of pressure for 90min to the sciatic nerve. Compound nerve action potential (CNAP) and nerve blood flow were evaluated from the beginning of compression to 90min after compression release. Endoneurial microvascular permeability was evaluated histologically. Results: During compression, the nerve blood flow and the amplitude of CNAP decreased for all four groups. There were significant delays in the recovery of the amplitude and nerve blood flow in the LFR and HFR groups compared to CC group ($P<0.05$). Endoneurial edema was observed in the repetitive compression groups. Conclusions: Even if the overall compression time was short, the accumulation of repetitive compression-release cycles causes to delay the recovery of nerve physiological function with endoneurial edema.

Knee osteoarthritis is highly prevalent in middle-aged and older people, and biomechanical interventions include modifications of the gait and activities of daily living (ADL). This study investigated the effects of gait and ADL modifications compared with conventional exercise for improving knee function in community-dwelling middle-aged and older people. Fifty middle-aged and older people were randomly allocated to the control ($n=22$) or intervention ($n=28$) groups. The control group performed conventional straight leg raising and knee joint range of motion exercises, and the intervention group modified their gait by decreasing the knee adduction moment and increasing hip muscle activities, and performed range of motion exercises in a bathtub. In both groups, the program was implemented for 12 weeks. The Japan knee OA measure score, walking speed, and hip abduction strength significantly improved in both the control and intervention groups. The health-related quality of life (Short Form 8: SF-8) was significantly improved in the intervention group compared with the control group. Gait and ADL modifications achieved effects similar to those of conventional knee joint exercise, and might be more effective for improving physical function-related quality of life.

Purpose: This study was aimed to investigate the presence of dysphagia with multidimensional objective tests in FM female patients with and without dysphagia symptom compared to healthy female subjects.

Methods: A case control study was conducted on 165 subjects (21 FM patients with dysphagia symptom, 62 FM patients without dysphagia symptom and 82 healthy subjects). All subjects were evaluated with a clinical screening test, endoscopy, electrophysiology of swallowing (dysphagia limit and swallowing intervals) and musculoskeletal ultrasound (cross-sectional thickness and area of swallowing muscles). Patients (with and without dysphagia symptom) and healthy subjects were compared in terms of all evaluation parameters.

Results: The mean age of 165 subjects was $49.86\pm 12.18$ years and all subjects ($n=165$, 100%) were female. Endoscopic evaluation results were similar among three groups ($p=1.000$). Both the functional evaluation of swallowing measured by swallowing intervals ($p$-value between 0.001 and 0.004) and the structural features assessed by the ultrasound ($p$-value between 0.001 and 0.007) were significantly impaired in patient groups compared to healthy subjects. FM patients without dysphagia symptom also had significant impairments in function ($p$-value between 0.001 and 0.004 for swallowing intervals) and structural features ($p$-value between 0.001 and 0.007 for cross-sectional thickness and area of swallowing muscles) compared to healthy subjects.

Conclusion: The structure and function of swallowing may be affected in patients with FM, even without dysphagia symptoms.

Objectives: COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected the health sector in the whole world. Routine OPDs including rehabilitation centers are partially functional to minimize the risk of cross-infection. In elderly patients, rotator cuff syndrome is a common cause of shoulder pain and daily physiotherapy is the main mode of management. To minimize the risk of cross-infection (COVID-19), we introduced E-rehabilitation services via various mobile apps to our patients. In developing countries like India, E-rehabilitation is still a new concept. Methods: This study evaluated 70 patients who had been enrolled for E-rehabilitation with a minimum of 4 weeks follow-up. Every patient was asked to use the rehabilitation App as per their requirement. Results were assessed with Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), visual analogue scale (VAS) and active ranges of movement (forward flexion and external rotation). Results: The average age of enrolled patients at the time of surgery was 55.0 years (range, 40–65 years). In 2 and 4 weeks, the range of forward flexion and external rotation has improved significantly. DASH and VAS Score has also been decreased significantly at an average of 2 and 4 weeks with $P<0.01$. Conclusion: In this paper, we summarized the management of rotator cuff syndrome by using various mobile apps and also the various challenges faced in the elderly population with the newer concept of E-rehabilitation in this pandemic.

Schwannoma is a peripheral nerve sheath tumor, a benign tumor that grows slowly from neural fairy cells in the nerve sheath. These tumors can cause neurological deficits because of their intradural location and suppress the spinal cord so it needs to be decompressed to prevent permanent nerve damage. We reported one case of intradural thoracal schwannoma with a neurologic deficit of paraplegia inferior. We have performed a laminectomy — posterior durotomy and tumor excision with a posterior approach without intraoperative monitoring. The result is a return of motoric and sensory improvement. The patient was satisfied with the result.