Journal of Musculoskeletal Research

Purpose: Squat position is still enjoyed by the people for rest, oriental toileting, and field-farm work to implant seed, and to root out the weed with small half-moon hoe. No one has previously studied the influence of squat on the spinopelvic parameters, despite many previous studies related other postures. Our purpose is primarily to investigate the changes of the spinopelvic parameters in squat posture. Methods: Twenty volunteers (12 females and 8 males) without any back-related complaints were subjected to this study. Spinopelvic parameters were examined by utilizing radiograms. Results: LLA, SS, PT, and PI in standing were 32.9^∘, 33.2^∘, 15.9^∘, and 49.2^∘, respectively. LLA, SS, PT, and PI in chair sitting were 20.5^∘, 29.7^∘, 20.7^∘, and 50.4^∘, respectively. LLA, SS, PT, and PI in squat were 11.7^∘, 25.5^∘, 23.6^∘, and 50.4^∘, respectively. Pelvic tilt was larger in squat (23.6^∘) and smaller in standing (15.9^∘), while sacral slope was larger in standing (33.2^∘) and smaller in squat (25.5^∘), and intermediate in chair sitting (29.7^∘). PI was almost equal in all postures. In squat posture, sacrum was maximally verticalized. Conclusion: Flattening of the lumbar curve with maximum verticalization of the sacrum associated with fully flexed hips and knees in squat posture was most noteworthy finding.

Body-borne load reportedly increases incidence of military-related knee injury by altering trunk and lower limb biomechanics. This investigation determined whether body-borne load impacts lateral trunk flexion during a single-leg cut, and whether greater lateral trunk flexion exaggerates knee abduction biomechanics. Thirty-six participants had trunk and knee biomechanics quantified during a single-leg cut with four body-borne loads (20, 25, 30 and 35kg). To evaluate the impact of load on lateral trunk flexion and its relation with knee abduction biomechanics, peak stance lateral trunk flexion was submitted to a linear mixed model with load (20, 25, 30, and 35kg) and sex (male, female) as fixed effects, and dominant limb peak stance knee abduction joint angle and moment considered as covariates. During the cut, there was a significant sex by load interaction for peak stance lateral trunk flexion ($p=0.038$), and peak stance lateral trunk flexion angle exhibited a significant association with peak stance knee abduction angle ($p<0.001$) and moment ($p=0.014$). Adopting lateral trunk flexion during loaded single-leg cuts may increase knee biomechanics related to ACL injury, but adding load only decreased lateral trunk flexion for female participants and did not further exaggerate knee abduction biomechanics.

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders have been a major cause of disability in pregnant women. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of exercise in an aquatic environment on the musculoskeletal pain among pregnant women. Material and methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 54 pregnant women aged 20–35 years. The subjects were divided into the intervention group and control groups. Women who were in 20 to 26 weeks of gestation were included in the study. The intervention was Water Exercise in Pregnancy program conducted from week 20 to week 34. The control group received standard prenatal care. Musculoskeletal complications were assessed using the Nordic questionnaires at the baseline and, 4th and 8th week of pregnancy. The intensity of pain was assessed using a visual analog scale in the two groups. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics via the SPSS v.16. The lsmeans package was used to examine comparisons. Results: Results of the study showed that level of discomfort and musculoskeletal complications in the intervention group was significantly reduced during the 4th and 8th week of the study compared to the control group ($p<0.001$). After the intervention, intensity of musculoskeletal pain in the intervention group showed a significant decrease compared to the control group ($p<0.001$). Conclusion: Exercise in water during pregnancy can be effective to reduce musculoskeletal complications. Aquatic exercises should be developed in the exercise program for pregnant women with musculoskeletal pain.

Purpose: Pes anserinus bursitis is a commonly overlooked cause of medial knee pain. It is diagnosed clinically and involves tendons/bursa or both. Majority of studies fail to provide imaging evidence of tendon/bursal pathology in clinically diagnosed patients. This study documents the ultrasonographic findings associated with clinically diagnosed pes anserinus bursitis and correlates between clinical and positive ultrasonographic findings.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in outpatient department settings of physical medicine and rehabilitation department in participants with clinically diagnosed pes anserinus bursitis. Clinically evaluation was done by Physiatrist and ultrasonographic evaluation by a radiologist. Patient characteristics, clinical findings and ultrasonographic features were documented and studied.

Results: In the evaluated 67 knees, Pes anserinus tendonitis (53.73%) with statistical significance ($p=<0$.0001) was found on ultrasonography over bursitis (2.99%). Abnormal findings involving medial collateral ligament (38.81%), medial meniscus (26.87%), suprapatellar recess (47.76%), and other structures (17.91%) were also documented. Age, gender, body mass index, and duration had no effect on presence of positive ultrasonographic findings.

Conclusion: Ultrasonographic changes of tendonitis involving pes anserinus tendons correlate with clinically diagnosed pes anserinus bursitis. The ultrasonography also helps in identifying potential sources of pain other than pes anserinus tendon or bursa in such cases.

Digital fibromyxoma is a rare soft tissue tumor with a propensity to grow in the digits of the hands and feet. While mostly asymptomatic, the tumors can grow and cause discomfort and eventually pain. It is a benign tumor, with treatment revolving around complete excision to prevent recurrence. In this case report, we discuss the case of a 11-year old boy presented with a swelling in the right ring finger that had been increasing in size for over a year. Despite the lack of pain or limitation of movement in the finger, the swelling caused concern to the patient and family due to cosmetic appearance. An excision biopsy with histopathological analysis of the tissue sample suggested the diagnosis of digital fibromyxoma. The high rate of recurrence is due to incomplete excision, and therefore regular follow up is recommended to monitor for recurrence.