Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics

We present a new kind of particle path in constant vorticity water of finite depth, within the framework of small-amplitude waves.

In this note we give new examples of algebraic geodesics on some two-dimensional quadrics, namely, on ellipsoids, one-sheet hyperboloids, and hyperbolic paraboloids. It appears that in all considered cases, such geodesics are rational space curves.

Recently, J. A. Tirao [Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.100(14) (2003) 8138–8141] considered a matrix-valued analogue of the ₂F₁ Gauß hypergeometric function and showed that it is the unique solution of a matrix-valued hypergeometric equation analytic at z = 0 with value I, the identity matrix, at z = 0. We give an independent proof of Tirao's result, extended to the more general setting of hypergeometric functions over an abstract unital Banach algebra. We provide a similar (but more complicated-looking) result for a second type of noncommutative ₂F₁ Gauß hypergeometric function. We further give q-analogues for both types of noncommutative hypergeometric equations.

There exists a particular class of boundary value problems for integrable nonlinear evolution equations formulated on the half-line, called linearizable. For this class of boundary value problems, the Fokas method yields a formalism for the solution of the associated initial-boundary value problem, which is as efficient as the analogous formalism for the Cauchy problem. Here, we employ this formalism for the analysis of several concrete initial-boundary value problems for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. This includes problems involving initial conditions of a hump type coupled with boundary conditions of Robin type.

In the recent paper by one of the authors (MBS) and A. A. Malykh on the classification of second-order PDEs with four independent variables that possess partner symmetries [1], mixed heavenly equation and Husain equation appear as closely related canonical equations admitting partner symmetries. Here for the mixed heavenly equation and Husain equation, formulated in a two-component form, we present recursion operators, Lax pairs of Olver–Ibragimov–Shabat type and discover their Lagrangians, symplectic and bi-Hamiltonian structure. We obtain all point and second-order symmetries, integrals and bi-Hamiltonian representations of these systems and their symmetry flows together with infinite hierarchies of nonlocal higher symmetries.

We present an equation of the fourth-order which does not possess a second-order Lagrangian and demonstrate by means of the method of reduction of order that one can obtain a first-order Lagrangian for it. This opens the way to quantization through the construction of an Hamiltonian which is suitable to be quantized according to the procedure of Dirac with the correct physical attributes.

In this letter, the two-singular-manifold method is applied to the (2+1)-dimensional nonisospectral Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation with two Painlevé expansion branches to determine auto-Bäcklund transformation, Lax pairs and Darboux transformation. Based on the two obtained Lax pairs, the binary Darboux transformation is constructed and then the Nth iterated transformation formula in the form of Grammian is also presented. By using these Darboux transformations, we obtain some new grammian solutions.

In this paper, we qualitatively study radial solutions of the semilinear elliptic equation Δu+uⁿ = 0 with u(0) = 1 and u′(0) = 0 on the positive real line, called the Emden–Fowler or Lane–Emden equation. This equation is of great importance in Newtonian astrophysics and the constant n is called the polytropic index.

By introducing a set of new variables, the Emden–Fowler equation can be written as an autonomous system of two ordinary differential equations which can be analyzed using linear and nonlinear stability analysis. We perform the study of stability by using linear stability analysis, the Jacobi stability analysis (Kosambi–Cartan–Chern-theory) and the Lyapunov function method. Depending on the values of n these different methods yield different results. We identify a parameter range for n where all three methods imply stability.

It is shown that the deformed Nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS), Hirota and AKNS equations with (1 + 1) dimension admit infinitely many generalized (nonpoint) symmetries and polynomial conserved quantities, master symmetries and recursion operator ensuring their complete integrability. Also shown that each of them admits infinitely many nonlocal symmetries. The nature of the deformed equation whether bi-Hamiltonian or not is briefly analyzed.

A quantization can be seen as a way to construct a differential operator with prescribed principal symbol. The map from the space of symbols to the space of differential operators is moreover required to be a linear bijection.

In general, there is no natural quantization procedure, that is, spaces of symbols and of differential operators are not equivalent, if the action of local diffeomorphisms is taken into account. However, considering manifolds endowed with additional structures, one can seek for quantizations that depend on this additional structure and that are natural if the dependence with respect to the structure is taken into account.

The existence of such a quantization was proved recently in a series of papers in the context of projective geometry.

Here, we show that the construction of the quantization based on Cartan connections can be adapted from projective to pseudo-conformal geometry to yield the natural and conformally invariant quantization for arbitrary symbols, outside some critical situations.

In the framework of a recently introduced model of DNA torsional dynamics, we argued — on the basis of perturbative considerations — that an inhomogeneous DNA chain could support long-lived soliton-type excitations due to the peculiar geometric structure of DNA and the effect of this on nonlinear torsional dynamics. Here we consider an inhomogeneous version of this model of DNA torsional dynamics, and investigate numerically the propagation of solitons in a DNA chain with a real base sequence (corresponding to the Human Adenovirus 2); this implies inhomogeneities of up to 50% in the base masses and inter-pair interactions. We find that twist solitons propagate for considerable distances (2–10 times their diameters) before stopping due to phonon emission. Our results show that twist solitons may exist in realistic DNA chain models, and on a more general level that solitonic propagation can take place in highly inhomogeneous media. The most relevant feature for general nonlinear dynamics is that we identify the physical mechanisms allowing this behavior and thus the class of models candidate to support long-lived soliton-type excitations in the presence of significant inhomogeneities.

In this paper, we study the optimal control problem for the viscous modified Camassa–Holm equation. We first prove the existence and uniqueness of a weak solution to this equation in a short interval by using the Galerkin method. Furthermore, the existence of an optimal solution to the viscous modified Camassa–Holm equation is proved.

It is shown that the celebrated Menelaus relation, Hirota–Miwa bilinear equation for KP hierarchy and Fay's trisecant formula similar to the WDVV equation are associativity conditions for structure constants of certain three-dimensional quasi-algebra.