Modern Physics Letters B

In view of the generalization of Miller–Ross kernel in the sense of Riemann–Liouville type, we propose the new definitions of the general fractional integral (GFI) and general fractional derivative (GFD) to discuss the anomalous diffusion equation, which is distinct from those classic calculus operators. The obtained analytical solution of the application described in the graph is effective and accurate making the use of Laplace transform.

Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRESs) are noteworthy devices for enhancement of reliability and performance compared to standalone systems, which are in a combination of more than one energy conversion system in a single unit. The recent developments in materials and technologies of HRESs are cost-effective and are more suitable power options for isolated rural areas. Many researchers have reported to have enhanced the performance of HRESs across India. Hence, this paper presents a comprehensive review of various HRESs that have been reported for their performance evaluation with respect to economic distance limit, techno-economic sensitivity, and optimum analysis. Also, different hybrid combinations are compared based on the factor of Net Present Cost (NPC), Cost of Energy (COE), renewable fraction, maximum renewable penetration, operational cost, and/or emission. Some case studies on various combinations of HRES for telecommunication application, rural electrification and water distillation are discussed and compared. It is concluded from the comprehensive review that there is scope for further studies on hybrid system across the country with adoption of different and newer combinations, materials and thermodynamic approaches. This paper will be helpful to researchers and scientists in understanding the state-of-the-art technologies in the hybrid system.

In transmission problem of many complex networks, there are some restrictions on the routing path between a pair of sources and destinations, especially for the transmission process that has a segment distance limit, which has a wide range of applications in real transportation, information transmission, etc. on large real networks. In this work, we constructed a complex network transmission model, defined the transmission distance limit to $L$ and randomly selected a part of the nodes in the scale-free network as the station. Based on the shortest path algorithm and a weighted routing algorithm, we observed the results under the transmission distance limit. The results show that the setting of $L$ is important, which can be used to guide and control the fuel carrying capacity of vehicles on the transportation network. Finally, we selected two real road network for simulation and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm in scale-free networks and real networks.

We theoretically and numerically demonstrate a tunable and wide-angle terahertz absorber, which is composed of multilayer graphene-dielectric grating and bottom metal substrate. Numerical simulation shows that the proposed absorber has the advantage of dynamically tunable range from 1.015 THz to 1.165 THz when the chemical potential of graphene increases from 10 meV to 150 meV. The absorption efficiency can reach a high value of 99%. To show the working mechanism of absorption, the near field distributions of magnetic components are presented at the absorption wavelength. We also demonstrate that the tunable range of absorption can be engineered by designing the geometry parameters. In addition, it is shown that the designed absorber can maintain the good performance of absorption over a wide incident angle from $0^{\circ }$ to $60^{\circ }$ under TM-polarization.

Overlapping community detection is a hot topic in the research of data mining and graph theory. In this paper, we propose a link community detection method based on ensemble learning (LCDEL). First, we transform graph into line graph and construct node adjacency matrix of line graph. Second, we calculate node distance of line graph through a new distance metric and get node distance matrix of line graph. Third, we use PCA method to reduce dimensions of node distance matrix of line graph. Then, we cluster on the reduced node distance matrix by k-means clustering algorithm. Finally, we convert line graph back into original graph and get overlapping communities of original graph with ensemble learning. Experimental results on several real-world networks demonstrate effectiveness of LCDEL method in terms of Normalized Mutual Information (NMI), Extended Modularity (EQ) and F-score evaluation metrics.

A study of magnetic or spin logic appears as an appealing alternative due to its nonvolatile character, which can boost up switching on/off. The influences of Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya (DM) interaction on non-classical correlations play an important role in foundations of quantum technologies such as quantum information and quantum computation. We have considered the anisotropic general spin Hamiltonian (GSH) model in presence of DM interaction in addition to the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert (LLG)-model in a pulse magnetic field. For study of ultrafast spin dynamics in exchange bias Co–Mn FM/AFM systems, we present some quantum circuits for a deterministic quantum computing in Co–Mn FM/AFM systems.

In this paper, the hydrodynamics of streamwise and normal vibration wall are studied using the Lattice Boltzmann method. Firstly, based on the two-dimensional flow geometry model, which is made up of flat wall and water fluid, the characters of the fluid near the streamwise and normal vibration wall are simulated under the condition of mutative vibration parameters. By rigorous data treating, some notable results such as the velocity distribution, density distribution curves of the flow field, and the frictional force of the solid-liquid interface are gained. Secondly, the reason of the change of frictional resistance at the solid-liquid interface by wall vibration are studied. And the results are evidence that well drag reduction effect can be obtained by applying appropriate flow vibration parameters to the solid wall. In addition, the reduction in fluid density near the solid-liquid wall is another significant cause behind the frictional drag decrease.

A fiber Bragg grating (FBG), inscribed directly by a femtosecond laser and based on the side-polished technique, was proposed and experimentally demonstrated for refractive and temperature sensing. The first-order FBG was inscribed by a 800 nm femtosecond pulsed laser, using the point-by-point method, in a fiber core with a length of 3 mm; the grating period was 537 nm. The fiber grating region was subsequently polished for 5 h and a light leak window was polished through the fiber cladding, with a length and depth of 20 mm and 37.5 $\mu$m, respectively. This changed the evanescent field around the grating area to realize refractive index (RI) sensing. In the experiment, the NaCl solution RI sensitivity of the proposed fiber sensor was 854.2 nm/RIU and the linearities were 0.9989. For the temperature measurement, the sensitivity was 11.66 pm/${}^{\circ }$C and the linearities were 0.9854, between 50–450${}^{\circ }$C.

A mean-field method for the hypercubic nearest-neighbor Ising system is introduced and applications to the method are demonstrated. The main idea of this work is to combine the Kadanoff’s mean-field approach with the model presented by one of us previously. The mean-field approximation is introduced with the replacement of the central spin in Ising Hamiltonian with an average value of particular spin configuration, i.e, the approximation is taken into account within each configuration. This approximation is used in two different mean-field-type approaches. The first consideration is a pure-mean-field-type treatment in which all the neighboring spins are replaced with the assumed configurational average. The second consideration is introduced by the reduced transfer matrix method. The estimations of critical coupling values of the systems are evaluated both numerically and also analytically by the using of saddle point approximation. The analytic estimation of critical values in the first and second considerations are $K_c=\frac{1}{z}$ and $(z-2)K_c{e}^{2K_c}=1$ respectively. Obviously, both of the considerations have some significant deviation from the exact treatment. In this work, we conclude that the method introduced here is more appropriate physical picture than self-consistent mean-field-type models, because the method introduced here does not presume the presence of the phase transition from the outset. Consequently, the introduced approach potentially makes our research very valuable mean-field-type picture for phase transition treatment.

Criminal network investigation is an ignited research area nowadays. There are several types of criminal network. Terrorist network is one of them. Exploring terrorist network is a demand of several investigating agencies. Different properties of network can be better considered to probe network properly using multi criteria decision-making methods. Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) method is a structural technique for organizing and analyzing complex decisions based on typical mathematics. This process can be employed for analyzing available datasets and designing useful conclusions. If network is explored and visualized, it can be destabilized efficiently. Identified members can be studied and thus their future actions can be prevented. These generalized designs can be used by government agencies for destabilization of terrorist group. This system is especially useful for countries like India that face a constant threat from various group of terrorists. This generalization can further be used to destabilize various criminal networks and their activities can be prevented. Thus, life and property of individuals can be saved.

This work studies the temperature regime of the wall while up and down moving of the unsaturated liquid in the vertical tube at pressure below critical and influence of free convection on the heat transfer. The boundary of influence free convection on heat transfer is determined and summarized as a criterion equation.

Alfven’s theorem states that in a perfectly conducting fluid magnetic field lines move with the fluid without dissipation. When a metal becomes superconducting in the presence of a magnetic field, magnetic field lines move from the interior to the surface (Meissner effect) in a reversible way. This indicates that a perfectly conducting fluid is flowing outward. I point this out and show that this fluid carries neither charge nor mass, but carries effective mass. This implies that the effective mass of carriers is lowered when a system goes from the normal to the superconducting state, which agrees with the prediction of the unconventional theory of hole superconductivity and with optical experiments in some superconducting materials. The 60-year old conventional understanding of the Meissner effect ignores Alfven’s theorem and for that reason I argue that it does not provide a valid understanding of real superconductors.

The reversible elementary reaction mechanism of six components and seven steps of H₂/O₂ are applied by using a CFD-DSMC coupling iteration method to study the impact of boundary on flow, heat transfer and chemical reaction in a microtube. The microtube consists of a converging section and a straight section, which represents the gap on the contact surface of the pellets in porous media. It shows that after coupling, with the designed conditions in this paper, the influence of wall temperature is more obvious than that of wall slip velocity on the coupling results from the analysis of chemical reaction, yet the velocity field in the boundary layer is more affected by the wall slip velocity. In addition, the velocity in the central region of the flow decreases while the concentration of reaction products increases after coupling, due to the increasing of the velocity in the boundary layer and the influence of wall temperature, respectively. By the coupling of CFD-DSMC methods, more details and influence of the boundary can be considered, and the computational efficiency is higher than that of the single microscopic method.

This paper proposes a novel digital readout interface for capacitive MEMS accelerometer. The digitalization is fulfilled by incorporating a 1-bit $\mathrm{\Sigma }\mathrm{\Delta }$ (sigma-delta) modulator into the closed servo loop. It both realizes a direct digital output efficiently and linearizes the electrostatic feedback force. To maintain the stability and improve loop linearity, a discrete-time proportional integral and differential (PID) compensator is used. It improves the in-band gain, enhances quantization noise suppressing ability and maintain the high-frequency phase margin at the same time. Thus the linearity and noise performance are improved. The whole chip is fabricated using 0.35 $\mu$m CMOS-BCD technology. Test results show that, the linearity is better than 0.1% and the noise floor is as low as 1 $\mu$g/$\sqrt{\mathrm{\text{Hz}}}$.