Modern Physics Letters B

In this study, a novel Al-MOFs was hydrothermally synthesized using organic linker (benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, i.e. trimesic acid) because of its thermal and chemical stability as well as the versatile capability of Aluminum (Al) to form multifaceted structures. The material was targeted for applications in supercapacitor, energy storage, sensing and biomedical sciences like Far-UVC device applications. The morphological structure and bandgap of the Benzene Tricarboxylic Acid (BTC)-Aluminum based MOFs samples underwent characterization using a range of techniques, such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The XRD investigation confirmed the successful fabrication of MOF layered structure on Al-MOFs with an average crystallinity of 2.155nm. SEM identified the hexagonal structure of Al-MOFs nanocrystals and showed strong agglomeration with a grain size of 186nm. EDX analysis confirms the existence of aluminum peaks along with carbon peaks (as organic linkers), indicating the presence of organic linkers in the framework, which is the key component of MOF’s porosity. The Raman spectroscopy results evidenced the synthesis of Al-MOFs structure. The optical bandgap was evaluated using UV–Vis spectrophotometry and estimated as $E_g=5.48$eV, indicating the materials stability for photovoltaic and some Far-UVC devices. Overall, the results suggest that the synthesized Al-MOFs nanomaterial is a promising candidate for various applications including Far-UVC device applications.

The mechanical, electronic, magneto-optic and thermoelectric properties of CeBiPt compound have been calculated based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This compound has ground state point in the ferromagnetic phase with elastic stability by large bulk modulus of 88.565GPa. Poisson’s coefficient of 0.257 represents the ionic bonds between atoms, while the anisotropy coefficient indicates the elastic isotropic nature of this compound. Also, phonon dispersion emphasizes to the dynamic stability of this compound. By the mBJ approximation, this case exhibits ferromagnetic behavior with a magnetic moment of 0.98${\mu }_B$. Based on the magnetic behavior of this crystal, the Kerr effect angles (${\theta }_k$) are 3.6^∘ at 3eV and $-3.5^{\circ }$ at 5.4eV, respectively, therefore, the rotation angle of the ellipse light polarization (${\gamma }_k$) in the edge of ultraviolet region shows a large polarization of light in the visible region. The negative Seebeck coefficient of CeBiPt compound at low temperature refers to the hole transfer, also the magnitude of the power factor at higher temperatures indicates this compound is suitable for use in power generator applications.

This study aims to investigate the flow characteristics of mixed convection in a parallel plate channel filled with bidisperse porous medium (BDPM). The objective is to understand the effects of momentum slip and convective boundary conditions on the channel walls. A two-velocity two-temperature model is employed to analyze the flow and temperature distributions in both the fluid and solid phases. The governing equations are made dimensionless using appropriate similarity transformations. The Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM) is utilized to solve the resulting equations and analyze the velocity and temperature profiles. The influence of thermal radiation on temperature regulation is explored by controlling its intensity. The impact of the Biot number on enhancing the Nusselt number, a measure of convective heat transfer, is identified. Additionally, the study investigates the effects of various parameters on velocity, temperature, Nusselt number and skin friction. Graphical representations of these relationships are presented, and the findings are discussed comprehensively.

The electronic and optical properties of hydrogenated silicene at different torsion angles are investigated using the density functional theory (DFT). It was found that when silicene was hydrogenated, the Si atoms were pulled out of plane due to covalent interactions between the Si and H atoms, increasing their flexural height to 0.731 Å. Torsional deformation decreases the structural stability of hydrogenated silicene and its adsorption energy decreases with increasing twist angle. Under the effect of torsion deformation, the bandgap of hydrogenated silicene increases and then decreases. The bandgap is 2.168eV at a torsion angle of 0^∘, indicating a wide bandgap semiconductor. Mulliken’s charge population analysis shows that charge transfer occurs between Si–H atoms, with Si atoms losing electrons and becoming positively charged and H atoms gaining electrons and becoming negatively charged. From the analysis of optical properties, the torsional deformation induced the maximum absorption and reflection peaks of all the hydrogenated silicene systems to appear in the ultraviolet region. Compared with the system without torsional deformation, these peaks exhibit varying degrees of red and blue shifts. The above findings provide guidance for the application of silicene in nanooptoelectronic devices.

In this work, the new nonlinear $(1+1)$-dimensional Schrödinger (NLS) equation, which describes wave propagation in optical fibers, has been successfully studied using the $(G^{\prime }/G)$-expansion method and the Unified method (UM). These techniques have been applied for the first time in extracting new analytic solutions for the mentioned NLS equation. The obtained solutions exhibit various types of optical solitons, including singular solitons, solitary waves, periodic solitons, and wave collisions. These solutions have wide-ranging applications in various fields such as fiber optics, telecommunication systems, plasma physics, hydrodynamics, and nonlinear optics. The behavior of the derived solutions has been visually represented using three-dimensional, two-dimensional, and contour plots, considering appropriate choices of the involved parameters within specific time intervals. These plots provide insights into the dynamics and characteristics of the solutions. The effectiveness, reliability, and ease of application of the $(G^{\prime }/G)$-expansion method and the UM are demonstrated through the obtained solutions. These mathematical tools have proven to be powerful in solving nonlinear partial differential equations, offering valuable contributions to the field of mathematical physics, soliton theory and nonlinear sciences.

Relative humidity is an important parameter. The detection and control of humidity is of great significance for agriculture, new material development, biological research and protection, health services and other industrial and agricultural production. In this paper, a micro-nano photonic crystal fiber humidity sensor with U-shaped structure is proposed. Due to its probe structure, this structure can more conveniently realize the detection work. The experiment shows that this kind of optical sensor has good linearity in the humidity range of 42–62RH%, and can realize the humidity sensing of 27.62pm/RH%. The detection range of this kind of sensor is relatively wide, and can realize the optical fiber sensing in a larger humidity range.

Future advances in information transmission technology require better capacities for fiber optics communication. As a new degree of freedom, the orbital angular momentum (OAM) has attracted extensive attention in the field of mode division multiplexing. Herein, an anti-resonance fiber (ARF) is designed with three different materials, SF11, LaSF09, and SiO₂, for the negative curvature tube. Systematic analysis and optimization are carried out to determine the number of layers of the negative curvature tubes in the cladding, the number of second-layer cladding tubes, and thickness of the annular area. The finite element analysis software COMSOL is utilized to calculate the effective refractive index difference, dispersion, limiting loss, and other characteristics. The ARF can stably transmit 86 OAM modes in the wavelength range between 1.2 and 2.0$\mu$m, and the minimum refractive index difference is greater than $1\times 10^{-4}$, which effectively reduces the mode abridgment. The nonlinear coefficients of the HE${}_{23,1}$ mode and the OAM purity of HE${}_{1,1}$ mode are 0.34km${}^{-1}$⋅W${}^{-1}$ and 99.43%, respectively, thus facilitating stable transmission of OAM modes for a long transmission distance. The anti-resonance fiber has significant application potential in long-distance network information transmission, relay communication, and other communication areas.

The phenomenon of natural convection in rectangular cavities of different aspect ratios is considered. The water is considered a base fluid associated with copper nanoparticles. The flow is induced only due to buoyancy force that arises by heating the right side of the cavity. The left side is set cold while the other walls are assumed to be at zero flux temperature. The governing equations of the present communication are simulated by the finite difference method. This study explores the impacts of Rayleigh number (Ra), Prandtl number (Pr), nanoparticles volume fraction ($\varphi$), and aspect ratio (A). Different combinations of these parameters are investigated. Compared to other parameters, Rayleigh number (10${}^4<\mathrm{\text{Ra}}<10^8$), aspect ratio ($1\le A\le 3$), and volume fraction of nanoparticles ($0.01\le \varphi \le 0.1$), A is found more effective on the flow field and isotherms. Regression curves are determined for the mean Nusselt number (Nu_avg) as a function of Ra for different cases. It is found that Nu_avg more precisely fits the exponential function. Also, it is found that Nu_avg decreases as the values of A increase. But, $\varphi$, shows the opposite behavior. It is noticed that when the A of the cavity grows, so does the mean heat transfer Nu. With rising Ra, the local heat transfer Nu_L decreases and the heat transfer rises. In the case of the square cavity, the regression coefficient for Nu_avg is found to be 0.3673 and 0.2514 for an exponential function.

Micropolar fluids provide a more accurate description of fluid behavior at small scales, where classical continuum models may fail to capture complicated microscale interactions. These interactions become significant in situations involving non-Newtonian fluids, complex geometries, and materials with internal structures. Unlike traditional fluids, micropolar fluids consider the effects of micro-rotations and micro-deformations. The objective of this exploration is to investigate the characteristics of flow in a micropolar-Casson fluid that is doubly stratified, and is induced by a stretching sheet. Additionally, the study investigates the transfer of both thermal energy and mass species over a two-dimensional porous medium. By utilizing suitable similarity transformations, a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is derived by transforming the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) that describe the physics of the problem. The combination of a fourth-order Runge–Kutta integration scheme and the Shooting method is utilized to solve these equations. Various graphs and tables are utilized to illustrate the impact of physical parameters on the dimensionless quantities. Our findings exhibit strong conformity with the existing results in literature for specific scenarios. Furthermore, the outcomes highlight that the velocity and micro-rotation are enhanced by the material parameter.

Indium tin oxide (ITO) ceramics with different SnO₂ contents were fabricated using the conventional solid-state reaction. The phase structure, microstructure, electrical conductivity, heating, and mechanical properties were investigated in detail. The results showed that pure ITO ceramics with high relative density were obtained successfully. The ITO ceramics were cut into regular rectangles to serve as electrical heaters. Additionally, their saturation temperatures and thermal response times were tested at different voltages. The results showed that ITO ceramics with 10% SnO₂ had the fastest thermal response rate and reached a saturation temperature of 376^∘C at 1.5V voltage, the highest temperature reported in the literature for In₂O₃ ceramics. Moreover, In₂O₃ with 10% SnO₂ showed good mechanical properties. Hence, ITO ceramics, as electrical heaters with low driving voltage and high response speed, are expected to have potential heating applications such as domestic heating and industrial production.

A fractional technique is used to evaluate the temperature, mass, and velocity flow of single and double wall CNTs over a vertical plate. Slip boundary conditions and applied magnetic force are addressed. Human blood is used to examine how base fluid behaves. Applying the proper dimensionless variables results in the dimensionless formulation of initial and boundary conditions related to the governed dimensional concentration, momentum, and energy equations. The Laplace transform technique is used to resolve the dimensionless governing partial differential equations and get the solutions. The constant proportional Caputo (CPC) time-fractional derivative is a unique class of fractional model used in the simulation technique. The fundamental definitions are used to support the said model first. Using MWCNTs and SWCNTs in comparison to the flow characteristics, a thermal and mass study is given. The heat and mass transfer processes for single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been shown to typically be progressive. The momentum profile decreases as the fractional variables rise. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) show more progressive velocity control as a result of the magnetic parameter. Graphs demonstrate the influence of embedding factors on the velocity, energy, and concentration profiles.

In this paper, inscribed non-Newtonian Williamson fluid relaxation and contraction phenomena due to the effect of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is taken into account. This issue is modeled, and precise solutions are handled using a low Reynolds number and long wavelength approximation. Graphical depiction of the consequences of various parameters on temperature and velocity are provided. It becomes clear that the temperature reactions to increases in Biot numbers are decreased. Considering a cylindrical coordinate system, the impact of various physical parameters on the temperature distribution, velocity, the pressure gradient, and frictional force are secured from the flow for non-Newtonian Williamson fluid exposed from MATLAB. Additionally, it has been discovered that the velocity profile at the tube’s center increases for shear-thinning a fluid and decreases for thickening a fluid. Furthermore, the peristaltic walls show the opposite behavior.